Farashin takarda ya yi yawa kuma ya sake dawowa, kuma wadatar masana'antar takarda ta haifar da canjin yanayi?

Farashin takarda ya yi yawa kuma ya sake dawowa, kuma wadatar masana'antar takarda ta haifar da canjin yanayi?

Kwanan nan, an sami wasu canje-canje a fannin yin takarda. Takardar A-share Tsingshan (600103.SH), Takardar Yueyang Forest (600963.SH), Huatai Stock (600308.SH), da Takardar Chenming da aka jera a Hong Kong (01812.HK) duk suna da wani matakin karuwa na iya danganta da karuwar farashin takarda kwanan nan. akwatin abun ciye-ciye na alewa

Kamfanonin takarda suna "ƙara farashi" ko "inshora farashi"

Tun daga farkon wannan shekarar, farin kwali ya kasance cikin mawuyacin hali a tsakanin nau'ikan takarda daban-daban. A cewar bayanan jama'a, matsakaicin farashin farin kwali daga 250g zuwa 400g ya faɗi daga 5110 yuan/ton a farkon shekara zuwa 4110 yuan/ton na yanzu, kuma har yanzu yana ƙara raguwa a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata.

Ganin yadda farashin kwali mai launin fari ke faɗuwa ba kakkautawa, tun daga ranar 3 ga Yuli, wasu ƙananan da matsakaitan kamfanonin kwali masu launin fari a Guangdong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi da sauran yankuna sun jagoranci fitar da wasiƙun ƙara farashi. A ranar 6 ga Yuli, manyan kamfanonin kwali masu launin fari kamar Bohui Paper da Sun Paper suma sun biyo baya tare da fitar da wasiƙun daidaita farashi, suna shirin ƙara farashin duk kayayyakin kwali na yanzu da yuan 200/ton. akwatunan alewa na costco

Dalilin da ya sa farashin ya karu da sauri shi ne wani mataki da ba a iya cimmawa ba. An ruwaito cewa farashi da farashin takarda na farin kwali sun nuna mummunan koma-baya, kuma kamfanonin takarda za su iya cimma burin dakatar da faduwar farashin ne kawai ta hanyar daidaita farashi tare.

A gaskiya ma, a farkon watan Fabrairun wannan shekarar, masana'antar takarda ta riga ta shirya ƙara farashi. Manyan kamfanonin takarda kamar Bohui Paper, Chenming Paper, da Wanguo Paper sun jagoranci ƙara farashin farin kwali. Bayan haka, Yueyang Forestry da Paper sun biyo baya. Yuwar hauhawar farashi ta bazu daga manyan kamfanonin takarda zuwa ƙananan da matsakaitan kamfanonin takarda, amma tasirin da aka samu a baya bai dace ba, kuma tasirin saukowa bai yi daidai ba. Babban dalilin shine cewa buƙatar da ke ƙasa tana da rauni, kuma kamfanonin takarda ba su da wani zaɓi illa ƙara farashi. A gaskiya ma, ana yin hakan ne don kare farashi da hana ƙarin faɗuwar farashi. alewa da akwatin abun ciye-ciye

Masana'antar takarda tana hidimar masana'antu da dama da ke ƙasa, ciki har da amfani da kayayyaki, masana'antu, da sauransu. Ana ɗaukarta a matsayin ma'aunin tattalin arziki, kuma sau da yawa ana ɗaukarta a matsayin alamar ƙarfin tattalin arziki. Rauni a farashin takarda a wannan shekarar kuma yana nuna cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ake ciki a yanzu, tsarin farfaɗo da tattalin arziki na iya zama ƙasa da tsammanin kasuwa. akwatin alewa na Japan

Farashin ɓoyayyen ...

Daga cikin manyan sassan masana'antar yin takarda akwai aikin gandun daji, aikin fulawa, da sauransu, kuma daga cikin manyan sassan akwai aikin yin takarda da kayayyakin takarda, waɗanda aka raba su zuwa takarda mai laushi, takardar farin allo, kwali fari, takardar fasaha, da sauransu. A cikin kuɗin yin takarda, farashin fulawa ya kai kashi 60% zuwa 70%, kuma wasu nau'ikan takarda ma sun kai kashi 85%.akwatin alewa daga wasu ƙasashe

A shekarar da ta gabata, farashin jatan lande ya ci gaba da tafiya a wani babban matsayi. Jatan lande mai laushi ya tashi daga yuan 5,950/ton a farkon shekarar 2022 zuwa yuan 7,340/ton a ƙarshen shekara, ƙaruwar kashi 23.36%. A cikin wannan lokacin, jatan lande mai kauri ya tashi daga yuan 5,070/ton zuwa yuan 6,446/ton, ƙaruwar kashi 27.14%. Ƙarfin farashin jatan lande ya rage ribar kamfanonin takarda, kuma koma bayan tattalin arziki ya yi muni.

Tun daga shekarar 2023, daidaita farashin jajjagen ya kawo wa kamfanonin takarda sassauci. A cewar bayanai, makomar jajjagen ya ragu daga kusan yuan 7,000/ton a farkon shekarar zuwa kusan yuan 5,000/ton kuma ya daidaita. Faduwar ta wuce yadda ake tsammani.

Dalilin da ya jawo faduwar farashin jatan lande a rabin farko na shekara na iya zama babban ƙarfin samar da jatan lande na katako a ƙasashen waje. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwa kamar jinkirin amfani da jatan lande a ƙarƙashin babban ribar da ake samu daga ƙasashen waje sun kuma haifar da ƙa'idodi bayyanannu kan farashin jatan lande na sama. Duk da cewa wasu masana'antun jatan lande sun ɗauki matakai don "tsayawa farashin", tasirin ba a bayyane yake ba. akwatin alewa na Japan na wata-wata

Yawancin cibiyoyi ba su da kwarin gwiwa game da yanayin farashin jatan lande da ke biyo baya. Rahoton Bincike na Shenyin Wanguo ya yi imanin cewa yanayin wadatar jatan lande da ƙarancin buƙata yana ci gaba, tushen yana da rauni, kuma ana sa ran za a iyakance sararin sake dawowa gaba ɗaya. Duk da haka, raguwar da ta gabata ta nuna raunin da ake da shi a yanzu.

Wannan kuma da alama yana nuna cewa mafi munin lokaci ga masana'antar takarda ya shude, kuma masana'antar na iya haifar da koma-baya ga wadata. Mutane a masana'antar gabaɗaya suna ganin cewa saboda matsin lamba kan farashin jatan lande, babban abin da ke shafar wadatar masana'antar takarda ya sake canzawa daga ɓangaren farashi zuwa ɓangaren buƙata.  akwatunan alewa daga ko'ina cikin duniya

Daga hangen kwata na farko, aikin yawancin kamfanonin takarda yana da ɗan jinkiri. Sun Paper, wacce ke da mafi girman sikelin samun kuɗi, ta sami ribar Yuan miliyan 566 a kwata na farko na wannan shekarar, raguwar shekara-shekara da kashi 16.21%. A kwata na farko, ribar da iyayen Shanying International da Chenming Paper suka samu ta kai Yuan miliyan -341 da Yuan miliyan -275, raguwar da ta kai kashi 270.67% da kuma kashi 341.76% a shekara-shekara.

A rabin farko na shekarar, raguwar yawan sinadarin pulp ya haifar da raguwar matsin lamba ga kamfanonin takarda na cikin gida. Bangaren yin takarda na iya haifar da hauhawar farashi da raguwar farashi, kuma ana sa ran aikin zai farfado. Dangane da yanayin gyaran, za a sanar da shi a cikin rahoton rabin shekara na kamfanin da abin ya shafa.

Tsarin haɗin gwiwa don ƙarfafa gasa

Samar da jatan lande a ƙasata ya dogara sosai kan ƙasashen waje, kuma galibi ana shigo da jatan lande ne daga Kanada, Chile, Amurka, Rasha da sauran ƙasashe. Saboda wadataccen albarkatun ƙasa don yin jatan lande, Kanada koyaushe tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu samar da jatan lande kuma ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin samun jatan lande da aka shigo da su daga China. Masana'antar jatan lande tana cinye dazuzzuka da yawa kuma tana haifar da lahani ga muhalli. Masana'antar jatan lande ta cikin gida tana da tsauraran matakai kan ci gaban masana'antar jatan lande, matakin da ake buƙata yana da yawa, kuma farashin aiki ya fi na wasu masana'antar jatan lande na ƙasashen waje. alewa daga ko'ina cikin duniya akwatin

Ya kamata a ambata cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin wadatar jatan lande da aka shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje da tsadar kayayyaki na dogon lokaci, rayuwar kamfanonin takarda na cikin gida ba ta kasance mai sauƙi ba, manyan kamfanoni sun faɗaɗa a hankali zuwa ga saman sarkar masana'antu, da kuma rabuwar asali ta dashen jatan lande, da kuma fulawa. An haɗa hanyoyin yin takarda guda uku don haɓaka tsarin aikin "haɗakar jatan lande da takarda" da kuma haɓaka ƙarfin samar da jatan landensa, don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na sarkar samar da kayayyaki da kuma rage farashin samarwa da aiki. akwatin alewar cakulan

Manyan 'yan wasa da dama a masana'antar takarda ta cikin gida, kamar Chenming Paper da Sun Paper, sun riga sun fara tsara yadda ya kamata. Ana ɗaukar Chenming Paper a matsayin kamfanin takarda na farko da ya ƙaddamar da dabarun "haɗakar da jatan lande da takarda". A shekarar 2005, Chenming Group ta gudanar da aikin haɗa dajatan dajatan da takarda a Zhanjiang, Guangdong wanda Majalisar Jiha ta amince da shi. Wannan aikin babban aiki ne ga ƙasar don haɓaka haɗakar gina dajatan dajatan dajatan. Yana cikin yankin Leizhou a kudu maso gabashin babban yankin China. Yana da fa'idodi a bayyane dangane da kasuwa, sufuri da albarkatu. Kyakkyawan wuri. Tun daga lokacin, Chenming Paper ta ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan haɗa jatan lande da takarda a Shouguang, Huanggang da sauran wurare. A halin yanzu, jimlar ƙarfin samar da jatan lande na itace na Chenming Paper ya kai tan miliyan 4.3, wanda hakan ya tabbatar da daidaiton ƙarfin samar da jatan lande da takarda.

Bugu da ƙari, Sun Paper tana gina nata "layin ɓangaren litattafan almara" a Beihai, Guangxi, tana shigo da guntun itace don samar da ɓangaren litattafan almara, wanda hakan ke ƙara yawan ɓangaren litattafan almara da ake samarwa da kansa da kuma rage farashi. Bugu da ƙari, kamfanin yana faɗaɗa gina sansanonin gandun daji na ƙasashen waje don samar da garantin samar da kayan masarufi a nan gaba. akwatin duba alewa

Gabaɗaya, masana'antar takarda tana fitowa daga cikin mawuyacin hali, kuma wasu maki na takarda sun fara tashi a farashi. Idan tsarin dawo da takardar ya wuce tsammanin da ake tsammani, masana'antar takarda na iya fuskantar koma-baya a cikin wadatarta.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an kawar da wasu ƙananan da matsakaitan da tsofaffin ƙarfin samar da takardu bayan kare muhalli da rage ƙarfin aiki. A nan gaba, tare da yanayin tsarin haɗin gwiwa, ana sa ran kasuwar manyan kamfanonin takarda za ta ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma kamfanonin da ke da alaƙa za su iya kawo sau biyu na dawo da riba da ƙima.