Kua tata te mutunga o te haurua tuatahi o te tau, he rerekē te mākete tā

Kua tata te mutunga o te haurua tuatahi o te tau, he rerekē te mākete tā

Tātou: Kei te piki haere ngā hanumitanga me ngā hokonga

Nō nā tata nei, i tukuna e te maheni "Print Impression" o te Hononga o Amerika te pūrongo mō ngā whakakotahitanga me ngā hokonga o te umanga tā i te Hononga o Amerika. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga mai i Hānuere ki Āperira i tēnei tau, i haere tonu te hekenga o ngā mahi whakakotahitanga me te hokonga o te umanga tā me te takai i te Hononga o Amerika, ā, i tino heke iho i te marama o Āperira, tae atu ki te taumata iti rawa i roto i te tata ki te tekau tau. Engari i taua wā anō, i tohu anō te pūrongo kei te piki haere ngā whakakotahitanga me ngā hokonga mākete i roto i ngā wāhanga maha o te umanga tā me te takai o Amerika.Ftauira rānei,ngā pouaka tiakarete mō ngā koha, kua piki ake te hiahia o te tangata mō ngā tiakarete, nō reira ka nui ake te whakamahinga o te pouaka,ngā pouaka tiakarete pai rawa atu.

I ngā tau kua taha ake nei, kua mau tonu te tipu o te rāngai tānga arumoni o Amerika, ā, kua eke ētahi kamupene tānga arumoni ki ngā whiwhinga moni me ngā hua nui rawa atu, ā, kua hoki mai anō te manako o ngā kaipupuri moni ngaio. Kua heke te maha o ngā pakaru tānga arumoni i ngā tau e whā kua taha ake nei. I taua wā anō,pouaka tiakarete whakapaipai,pouaka tiakarete wera,te pouaka tiakarete pai rawa atu mō ngā kohactirohia ngā kanohi o te tangata.TE whakaatu ana hoki te pūrongo i tētahi atu āhuatanga kāore anō kia kitea mō ngā tau maha: ko ngā kaihoko kāore he wheako ki te umanga tā kei te hoko mai i ngā kamupene tā arumoni iti me te rahi-waenga kāore i raro i te mana whakahaere, ā, e kite ana rātou i te umanga tā hei wāhi haumi pono. Ka kitea kāore ngā hanumi me ngā hoko i roto i te mara tā arumoni i hinga, engari kei te tipu haere tonu.

Mai i te nui o te hokohoko o te mara tapanga i ngā tau kua taha ake nei, kua tino kaha te whakakotahitanga me te hoko o ngā kamupene tā tapanga. E whakaatu ana te pūrongo ko te whakakotahitanga o te pakihi tapanga te mea nui i ahu mai i te hiahia nui o ngā kamupene hea tūmataiti maha ki te mākete tapanga. Pērā i te mākete tā tapanga, ka kite hoki ngā kamupene hea tūmataiti i ngā whai wāhitanga i roto i te mākete kātene takai, ka piki ake te mahi M&A. I te marama o Hānuere, mō te wā tuatahi, ko te maha o ngā hoko a ngā kamupene e hanga ana i ngā pouaka tākai i nui ake i ērā o ngā kamupene tā tapanga.Tte pouaka rā,pouaka rā mō ngā tāne me ngā wāhine,koha pouaka rāphe mea rongonui ki ngā kiritaki o te Rawhiti o Waenganui.

I tēnei rā, me te whakatuwheratanga anō o ngā kaihokohoko me te puāwaitanga o te mākete mō ngā momo tohu whakairoiro katoa, kei te ora te mākete tā whānui. Engari kei te āwangawanga anō hoki ngā kaihoko, me ngā raraunga pai tata nei e tohu ana i te pikinga kore pumau o te tono i puritia e te mate urutā o mua. Nō reira, kei te ruarua rātou mō te whakapainga nui o te moni whiwhi me ngā hua i roto i te rāngai tā whānui. E matapaetia ana e te pūrongo ā muri ake nei, ka whakaitihia ngā āwangawanga a ngā kaihoko, ā, ka piki ake hoki te mahi whakakotahi me te hoko o ngā kamupene tā whānui.

E whakapono ana te pūrongo ka tipu ake te mahi whakakotahi me te hoko me te mākete i roto i te rāngai tā ahumahi. Nā te kaupapa here whakamuri o te hanga o Amerika, ka kukume te hanga taonga pēnei i ngā tapanga i te hiahia o te tini o ngā kaihoko. Haunga te pana kaupapa here, ko te pikinga ake o te tānga ahumahi ā-rohe i te United States ka awehia hoki e ētahi atu āhuatanga. Hei tauira, ko ngā whakararuraru o te mekameka tuku o mua kua huri i te whakawhirinaki o ngā kamupene ki ngā kaiwhakarato o te ao.

UK: Kei te whakaitihia ngā pēhanga utu

Nō nā tata nei i whakahaerehia e te British Printing Industry Federation tētahi rangahau mō te tirohanga tā o ngā kamupene tā 112 i te United Kingdom, e whakaatu ana i te hauwhā tuatahi o tēnei tau, kei te aro atu te umanga tā me te takai o Ingarangi ki ngā wero. Nā te whakakotahitanga o ngā utu nui me te ngoikore o te tono kua pōuri te umanga tā o te UK, me te hekenga o te hanga me ngā ota i te hauwhā tuatahi.

I roto i te rangahau, e 38 ōrau o ngā kamupene i rangahauhia i kōrero mō te hekenga o te whakaputanga i te hauwhā tuatahi. E 33 ōrau anake o ngā kaiwhakautu i kōrero mō te pikinga o te whakaputanga, me te 29 ōrau e pupuri ana i te putanga kia pumau. Heoi, i muri i te whakamamatanga o te pēhanga utu i te hauwhā tuatahi, he pai ake te tirohanga mō te mākete tā i te hauwhā tuarua. E whā tekau mā toru ōrau o ngā kaiwhakautu e tumanako ana ka piki ake te whakaputanga i te hauwhā tuarua, e 48 ōrau e tumanako ana ka noho pumau tonu te whakaputanga, ā, e 9 ōrau anake e tumanako ana ka heke te whakaputanga.

I te pātaitanga mō te "āwangawanga nui o te umanga mō ngā kamupene tā," 68 ōrau o ngā kaiwhakautu i whiriwhiri i te pikinga o ngā utu pūngao, he heke iho i te 75 ōrau i te marama o Hānuere me te 83 ōrau i te marama o Oketopa. Mai i Āperira i te tau kua hipa, ko ngā utu pūngao te āwangawanga nui rawa atu mō ngā kamupene tā. I taua wā anō, 54% o ngā kamupene i rangahautia i roto i te whakautu ki te pātai i whiriwhiri i te utu a ngā kaiwhakataetae, inā koa, ko ētahi o ngā kaiwhakataetae e utu ana i raro iho i te utu. He rite tonu tēnei ōwehenga ki te marama o Hānuere o tēnei tau. Ko te pēhanga utu te tuatoru o ngā āwangawanga mō ngā kamupene tā i rangahautia, me te 50% o ngā kaiwhakautu i whiriwhiri i tēnei kōwhiringa. He iti iho tēnei mai i te 51 ōrau i te marama o Hānuere, engari kei roto tonu i te toru o runga. Ko ngā pikinga tata nei o te utu iti rawa, ngā pānga o ngā hanganga utu me ngā rerekētanga utu, me te pikinga tonu o ngā utu, kua whakanui ake i ngā āwangawanga mō ngā pēhanga utu i waenga i ngā kamupene tā. "Ko te haere tonu o ngā pēhanga utu nui, me te koretake o te ōhanga me te tōrangapū, kua whakaiti i te whakapono o mua o ngā kamupene tā ki te whakaoranga o te mākete." Ahakoa ngā wero o nāianei, kei te tino tumanako tonu ngā kamupene mō ngā tumanakohanga o te umanga tā. "I muri i tēnā, e matapaetia ana ka heke tere te pikinga utu, ā, e matapaetia ana ka noho pumau tonu ngā utu pūngao." Ko Charles Jarrold te tumuaki o te Federation of British Printing Industries.

I taua wā anō, mō te wā tuatahi, i whakaurua hoki ki te rangahau ngā pātai e pā ana ki te oranga tonutanga, e whai ana kia mōhio ake ai mō ngā mahi a ngā kamupene tā hei whakapai ake i te oranga tonutanga. I kitea e te rangahau e tata ana ki te 38 ōrau o ngā kamupene i rangahauhia kei te ine i ā rātou tukunga waro.

Hapani: Kua piki ake ngā pēketanga o ngā kamupene

E ai ki ngā hua rangahau hou a te Tokyo Institute of Commerce and Industry, mai i Āperira 2022 ki Pēpuere 2023, kua eke te maha o ngā pēke moni (nama 10 miriona yen, neke atu rānei) i roto i te umanga tā Hapanihi ki te 59, he pikinga 31.1% i runga i te wā kotahi o te tau pūtea o mua.

I piki ake te maha o ngā pēke moni e pā ana ki te pakarutanga ki te 27, he pikinga 50 ōrau mai i te wā kotahi i te tau pūtea kua hipa. Haunga ngā take i heke ai te mākete, kua arahina e te mate urutā te whakahekenga o ngā mahi maha me te hekenga o te tono tūruhi me te marena, ā, kua nui te kino ki te mahi a te umanga tā.Vpouaka tiakarete o te rā o Alentines,he ranunga keke pouaka tiakarete thka piki ake te tere whakamahi hiko i te wā o te hakari.

Kua iti iho te maha o ngā pēkere i roto i te umanga tā i Hapani i tērā o te tau pūtea o mua mō ngā tau e toru karapīpiti mai i te tau pūtea 2019. E 48 ngā pēkere i te tau pūtea 2021, ko te taumata iti rawa mai i te tau pūtea 2003. Ko te take o te hekenga tonu o ngā pēkere ko te pānga whakamiharo o te tautoko kaupapa here putea e pā ana ki te whawhai ki te mate urutā. Heoi, i roto i te take o te whakaroa o te whakaoranga o te tono tā, kua piki ake te maha o ngā pēkere i te tau pūtea 2022, ā, kua memeha haere te pānga tautoko o ngā kaupapa here putea i te wā o te mate urutā.

Hei tāpiritanga, ko te maha o ngā pēkerangi me ngā nama neke atu i te 100 miriona yen he 28, he pikinga o te 115.3%, tata ki te haurua o te tapeke o ngā pēkerangi, tata ki te 47.4%. Ki te whakatauritea ki te wā kotahi o te tau pūtea kua hipa, ko te ōwehenga o te 28.8% i piki ake mā te 18.6 ōrau, ā, i tino whānui haere te tauine o te pēkerangi.

I roto i te "Rangahau pātai nama nui rawa" i whakahaerehia e te Tokyo Institute of Commerce and Industry i te Hakihea 2022, 46.3% o ngā kaiwhakautu i roto i ngā ahumahi tā me ngā ahumahi e pā ana i whakautu he nama tā rātou. 26.0 ōrau o ngā kamupene i kī he nui ā rātou nama i muri i te mate urutā COVID-19 (tata ki muri i te Hui-tanguru 2020). I te hekenga o ngā hoko, ehara i te mea ko ngā haumitanga o mua anake ka noho hei taumahatanga, engari ko te nama kamupene, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tautoko kaupapa here rere moni e pā ana ki te mate urutā, kei te tere piki haere hoki.

I ngā rā tōmua o te mate urutā, i tautokona ngā kamupene tā Hapanihi e ngā kaupapa here pūtea, ā, i whakaitihia ngā pēketanga o ngā kamupene. Heoi, i te mea ka ngoikore te kaha whakahaere o ngā umanga i ngā ngoikoretanga hanganga, kua ngoikore te pānga o te tautoko kaupapa here e pā ana ki te mate urutā, ā, kua uaua haere te pūtea a ngā kamupene. Hei tāpiri, ko te hekenga o te moni yen, ko te pakanga i waenganui i a Rūhia me Ukraine i arahi ki te pikinga o ngā utu pepa me ngā ratonga, me te pikinga o ngā utu uta, kei te āwangawanga te umanga kei uru te pēketanga o te umanga tā Hapanihi ki tētahi wāhanga e tere piki haere ana.

I piki ake te katinga o ngā pakihi me te whakakorenga pakihi o ngā umanga tā mā te 12.6% i ia tau. I te tau pūtea 2021, e 260 ngā kamupene tā i katihia, i whakakorengia rānei, he hekenga tau-ki-te-tau mā te 16.3%, ā, he hekenga mō ngā tau e rua karapīpiti. Heoi, i roto i te wā e iwa marama mai i Āperira ki Tīhema o te tau pūtea 2022, e 222 ngā katinga, he pikinga 12.6% i runga i te wā kotahi o te tau pūtea o mua.

Mai i te tau pūtea o te tau 2003, kua piki ake te maha o ngā kamupene tā Hapanihi i kati me te whakakore mai i te 81 i te tau pūtea o te tau 2003 ki te 390 i te tau pūtea o te tau 2019. Mai i taua wā, me te tautoko o ngā kaupapa here e pā ana ki te mate urutā, kua tino heke iho mai i te tau pūtea o te tau 2020 ki te 260 i te tau pūtea o te tau 2021. Heoi, e ai ki te ia o nāianei, ko te maha o ngā kamupene tā i kati me te whakakore ka piki ake te tūponotanga ka nui ake i te tau pūtea o te tau 2021.