ogulitsa mabokosi opaka tsiku ku China

Masiku ano, makatoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbali zonse za moyo, ndipo mafakitale osiyanasiyana ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana kukula. Kaya wopanga kapena mafakitale ndi ati, makatoni ambiri amafunika kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito chaka chilichonse.

 

Cogulitsa bokosi la Hina date.Kuti apange mawonekedwe ndi umunthu pakupanga ma phukusi, zithunzi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yofotokozera. Zimagwira ntchito ngati wogulitsa, kupereka zomwe zili mu phukusi kwa ogula kudzera muzowoneka, ndipo zimakhala ndi mphamvu yowoneka bwino. Zingakope chidwi cha ogula ndikupanga chikhumbo chogula.

 

Cogulitsa bokosi la Hina date,Zithunzi zopaka zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: zithunzi za konkriti, zithunzi za semi-koncrete ndi zithunzi zosamveka bwino. Zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe zili mu paketi, kotero kuti makhalidwe a chinthucho athe kufotokozedwa mokwanira. Kupanda kutero, sichidzakhala ndi tanthauzo lililonse ndipo sichingagwirizanitsidwe ndi anthu. Kuwona chilichonse osayembekezera kuti chikhale ndi zotsatirapo zake kudzakhala kulephera kwakukulu kwa wopanga ma paketi. Kawirikawiri, ngati chinthucho chili ndi mphamvu zambiri, monga kudya ndi kumwa, ndiye kuti kugogomezera kwambiri kudzayikidwa pakugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za konkriti; ngati chinthucho chili ndi maganizo ambiri, zithunzi zambiri zosamveka bwino kapena zosamveka bwino zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito.

 

Cogulitsa bokosi la Hina date,Zithunzi zopaka zimagwirizana ndi anthu omwe akufuna, makamaka omwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana 30. Mukamapanga zithunzi zopaka zinthu, muyenera kuzisamalira bwino kuti zithunzi zopaka zinthu zidziwike ndi cholinga chokopa ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chomwe chikufunidwa.

 

Cogulitsa bokosi la Hina date. Kupanganso zinthu kungathandize ogula kumvetsetsa mwachindunji zomwe zili mu phukusili kuti apange mawonekedwe ndi zotsatira zomwe akufuna, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zophiphiritsa kapena zithunzi zenizeni. Mwachitsanzo, mu phukusi la chakudya, kuti awonetse kukoma kwa chakudya, zithunzi za chakudya nthawi zambiri zimasindikizidwa pa phukusi la chakudyacho kuti ziwonjezere chidwi cha ogula ndikupangitsa chikhumbo chogula.

 

Cogulitsa bokosi la Hina date,"Zithunzi ndi malingaliro okhudza mtima" zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zimadzutsa zochitika zofanana pamoyo, malingaliro ndi malingaliro. Zimagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ngati njira yosinthira kuchoka pa chinthu chimodzi kupita ku china, kuchokera pakuwoneka kwa chinthu chimodzi kupita ku mawonekedwe a chinthu china. Kawirikawiri, zimatengera makamaka mawonekedwe a chinthucho, mawonekedwe a zotsatira za chinthucho mutagwiritsa ntchito, zotsalazo ndi momwe chinthucho chimagwiritsidwira ntchito, kapangidwe ka chinthucho ndi zosakaniza za phukusi, chiyambi cha chinthucho, nkhani ndi mbiri ya chinthucho, mawonekedwe a malo omwe chinachokera ndi miyambo yadziko. Pangani zithunzi zolongedza kuti mufotokoze tanthauzo la chinthucho, kuti anthu athe kuganizira za zomwe zili mu phukusi atatha kuwona zithunzizo.

 

Cogulitsa bokosi la Hina date,Kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri ka ma CD kamapangitsa anthu kukonda, kuyamika, ndikupangitsa anthu kufuna kugula. Chinthu ichi chomwe chimapangitsa anthu kukonda ndi zotsatira zophiphiritsira zochokera ku ma CD. Ntchito ya zizindikiro ndikupereka lingaliro. Ngakhale sizipereka malingaliro mwachindunji kapena mwachindunji, ntchito ya malingaliro ndi yamphamvu ndipo nthawi zina imaposa mawonekedwe enieni. Mwachitsanzo, mu kapangidwe ka ma CD a khofi, chithunzi cha ma CD chotenthetsera chimayimira mtundu wa khofi wonunkhira bwino. Chimasonyezanso kuti anyamata ndi atsikana ndi zakumwa zofunika kwambiri muubwenzi wachikondi ndi madeti, kuti akope ogula.

 

Cogulitsa bokosi la Hina date,Mayiko osiyanasiyana ali ndi zokonda zosiyanasiyana komanso zoletsa pazithunzi zopaka: Mayiko achisilamu amaletsa zithunzi za nkhumba, nyenyezi zokhala ndi nsonga zisanu ndi chimodzi, mitanda, matupi a anthu achikazi, ndi chala chachikulu mmwamba ngati zithunzi zopaka, komanso monga nyenyezi zokhala ndi nsonga zisanu ndi zithunzi zozungulira; Anthu aku Japan amakhulupirira kuti maluwa a lotus Ndi osasangalatsa, nkhandwe ndi yachinyengo komanso yadyera, ndipo mawonekedwe a chrysanthemum okhala ndi mapeyala khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa korona wachifumu waku Japan si oyenera kupakidwa. Amakonda mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi maluwa a chitumbuwa; aku Britain amayerekezera mbuzi ndi amuna osamvera, ndipo amaona tambala ngati zinthu zonyansa, njovu sizothandiza komanso zokhumudwitsa, ndipo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zithunzi zopaka, koma zithunzi za chishango ndi oak ndizokondedwa; Singapore ndi yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi ngati Mzinda wa Mkango ndipo imakonda zithunzi za mkango; zithunzi za agalu zimachokera ku Thailand, Afghanistan, Ndi zoletsa m'maiko achisilamu ku North Africa; aku France amakhulupirira kuti mtedza ndi wopanda mwayi, ndipo mawonekedwe a spades ndi chizindikiro cha kulira; aku Nicaragua ndi aku Korea amakhulupirira kuti ma triangles ndi opanda mwayi, ndipo awa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zithunzi zopaka; anthu ena ku Hong Kong amaona nkhuku ngati mawu ofanana ndi mahule. Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za ma bedi.

 

Cogulitsa bokosi la Hina date, Mosiyana ndi pepala, makatoni opangidwa ndi corrugated amapangidwa poyamba pokonza pepala loyambira lopangidwa ndi corrugated kukhala lopangidwa ndi corrugated, kenako pogwiritsa ntchito guluu kuti amangirire pamwamba ndi pakati pa corrugated kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri, kotero kuti pakati pa makatoniwo pakhale kapangidwe kopanda kanthu. Ili ndi mphamvu zambiri, kuuma, komanso kulimba. Mphamvu yopondereza, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake apadera, tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popaka zinthu, ndipo kusindikiza mwachindunji pa pepala lopangidwa ndi corrugated kwakhala njira yodziwika bwino yosindikizira mabokosi opaka.

 

Cogulitsa bokosi la Hina date,M'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka ku Europe ndi United States, makatoni ang'onoang'ono opyapyala komanso olimba kwambiri akhala akugulitsa makatoni ambiri opyapyala, chifukwa ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri komanso mphamvu zosindikizira za makatoni opyapyala ndi makatoni okhuthala. Poyerekeza ndi makatoni opyapyala achikhalidwe, ali ndi makhalidwe a mphamvu yabwino, mphamvu yolimba yolumikizira, kusinthasintha kwabwino, kusunga zinthu, kulemera kopepuka, komanso zotsatira zabwino zosindikizira. Poyerekeza ndi makatoni opyapyala achikhalidwe, makatoni ang'onoang'ono opyapyala ali ndi makhalidwe a zitoliro zazing'ono, kuuma kwambiri, kapangidwe kakang'ono, kolimba komanso kosalala, zinthu zopepuka komanso zopyapyala, kukana kupanikizika kwabwino, ndipo amatha kusindikizidwa mwachindunji ndi makina osindikizira a offset. Kale, amatha kusindikizidwa pa mbale zofewa zokha. Njira yopangira yosindikizira mwachindunji pamakina osindikizira ndi njira yopangira yosindikizira poyamba kenako ndikuyika laminating pamakina osindikizira a offset imapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta, ifupikitse nthawi yopangira, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito opangira.

 

Cogulitsa bokosi la Hina date,Mabodi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi zinyalala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga F-type (0.75mm), G-type (0.5mm), N-type (0.46mm), O-type (0.3mm), ndi zina zotero, zonse zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu, zomwe ndi pepala lapamwamba, pepala lapakati ndi pepala la pansi. . Nthawi yomweyo, khadibodi ya zinyalala yaying'ono ilinso ndi makhalidwe awa:

(1)Mphamvu yayikulu, yomwe ingalimbikitse ntchito yoteteza ya chinthucho, ndipo ndi yamphamvu 40% kuposa khadibodi yokhuthala;

(2)Kulemera kopepuka, 40% yopepuka kuposa khadibodi yokhuthala, ndipo 20% yopepuka kuposa khadibodi yolumikizidwa ndi corrugated %;

(3)Malo osalala, mapangidwe okongola, mitundu yowala, ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu.

 

1. Mfundo yosindikizira ya offset ndi zofunikira zake pakusindikiza makatoni opangidwa ndi corrugated

 

Cogulitsa bokosi la Hina date,Pakadali pano, njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posindikiza makatoni okhala ndi corrugated cardboard ndi monga kusindikiza kwa flexographic, kusindikiza gravure ndi kusindikiza offset ya pepala la pamwamba kenako lamination. Pakati pawo, kusindikiza kwa flexographic ndiko komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma kulondola kosindikiza sikokwera kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kumatha kusindikiza makatoni ena otsika mtengo, pomwe kusindikiza gravure ndi kusindikiza offset ndi njira zonse zosindikizira zisanachitike, ndiko kuti, kusindikiza minofu poyamba kenako kusindikiza. Ngakhale chithandizo cha bonding chingapangitse kuti zinthu zikhale bwino, njirayi ndi yovuta ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera. Chifukwa chake, kusindikiza offset mwachindunji pa makatoni okhala ndi corrugated ndi njira yatsopano yomwe makampani opanga ma paketi ndi osindikiza amatsatira. KBA Rapida 105 ndi Manroland 700 ndi 900 pakadali pano zimatha kusindikiza mwachindunji pa makatoni okhala ndi corrugated micro-corrugated, ndipo mtundu wosindikiza ukhoza kufika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri.

 

Cogulitsa bokosi la Hina date,Kusindikiza kwa offset kumagwiritsa ntchito lamulo lachilengedwe losasakaniza mafuta ndi madzi. Pa mbale yosindikizira yomwe ili pafupi ndi mzere womwewo, zithunzi ndi zolemba zimangoyamwa inki, ndipo gawo lopanda kanthu limangoyamwa madzi. Inki ya chithunzi ndi zolemba zimasamutsidwira ku substrate kudzera mu bulangeti. Chifukwa cha kubwezeretsa zithunzi zake bwino komanso kuthekera kopanga mitundu, kusindikiza kwa offset pakadali pano ndiyo njira yosindikizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yokhwima kwambiri. Pakadali pano, imawerengera zoposa 50% ya kusindikiza konse ku China, makamaka kusindikiza mapepala. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi chitukuko chachangu cha kusindikiza ma CD, kusindikiza kwa flexographic, kusindikiza gravure, ndi kusindikiza pazenera zapita patsogolo kwambiri, pomwe kukula kwa chitukuko ndi gawo la kusindikiza kwa offset zatsika.

 

Pakadali pano, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wosindikiza wa offset wosindikiza mwachindunji papepala laling'ono lopangidwa ndi zinyalala, njira yosindikizira ya offset idzayambiranso. M'munda wa mabokosi achikhalidwe a fiber cardboard, monga vinyo, zida zazing'ono, nsapato, zida za hardware, ma microelectronics, mapulogalamu apakompyuta, zowonetsera zogulitsa pa kauntala, chakudya chofulumira, ndi zina zotero, kusindikiza kwa offset kwayamba kupikisana ndi mafakitale ena chifukwa cha kusindikiza kwake kwabwino. Makatoni olimba achikhalidwe amapikisana pamsika.

 

Komabe, yankho la kasupe limagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza zinthu za offset (njira ya kasupe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuti gawo lopanda kanthu la mbale yosindikizira likhale loyera, ndipo gawo lalikulu la yankho la kasupe ndi madzi), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira yosindikizira zinthu za offset ikhale yovuta kwambiri. Kusakaniza inki ndi madzi kudzapangitsa kuti inki isungunuke, zomwe zidzapangitsa kuti bolodi la mapepala lizitenga madzi, lisinthe mawonekedwe ake, ndikusintha mphamvu yake, zomwe zidzakhudza mtundu, kukhuthala, ndi magwiridwe antchito a inki. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera bwino inki kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Ngati kuchuluka kwa madzi kuli kwakukulu, inki idzasungunuka kwambiri, kuumitsa kudzachepa, ndipo mtundu udzakhala wopepuka. Makamaka, khadibodi yozungulira idzamwa madzi ambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yokakamiza ndi mphamvu ya pamwamba, ndipo zitha kuipangitsa kuti igwe pansi chifukwa cha kupanikizika kwa kusindikiza.

 

Pamene kukula kwa khadibodi kukuwonjezeka, kusintha kwa pepala la pamwamba ndi pepala lamkati sikugwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusindikiza kukhale koyenera kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa madzi posindikiza mwachindunji makatoni opangidwa ndi corrugated ndi kokhwima kuposa kusindikiza wamba kwa mapepala. Ndipo ngati kuchuluka kwa inki kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, mavuto monga kukulitsa madontho, kuphatikiza zigawo, ndi kupukuta zidzachitika. Chifukwa chake, inki ndi inki ziyenera kuyendetsedwa panthawi yosindikiza, makamaka kuchuluka kwa madzi.

 

Kusindikiza mwachindunji pa khadibodi yolumikizidwa kumafuna kulemera kopepuka kuposa pepala wamba pankhani yowongolera kuthamanga. Popeza khadibodi yolumikizidwa yapakati ndi yopanda kanthu, ngati kuthamanga kuli kwakukulu, zolakwika monga kukulitsa madontho ndi kuphatikizana kwa zigawo zidzachitika. Nthawi yomweyo, chochitika cha "washboard" chidzachitika, ndipo pazochitika zazikulu, kuphwanya kudzachitika. Chifukwa chake, kulamulira kuthamanga kuyenera kukhala kolondola kwambiri.

 

Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kapadera komanso zofunikira zapadera za katoni yolumikizidwa, makina osindikizira amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito bulangeti lapadera la rabara lomwe limakhala lolimba komanso lolimba, kotero kuti kukana kosiyanasiyana kwa pamwamba pa katoni yolumikizidwa kungathe kulipidwa kudzera mu kusintha kwa katoniyo.

 

2. Zotsatira za kusindikiza kwa offset pa kusindikiza kwa makatoni opangidwa ndi corrugated

 

(1) Zotsatira pa mphamvu ya bolodi lozungulira

 

Kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa kusindikiza kwa offset kudzachepetsa mphamvu yokakamiza ya makatoni opangidwa ndi corrugated cardboard; kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera kasupe kudzachepetsa mphamvu ya pamwamba ndi mphamvu yokakamiza ya makatoni chifukwa cha kuyamwa madzi.

 

(2) Chochitika cha "Washboard"

 

Vuto la bolodi lochapira ndilo vuto lofala kwambiri pakusindikiza makatoni okhala ndi makoko. Vutoli lingachitike ngati kupanikizika ndi kuchuluka kwa inki sizingalamuliridwe bwino panthawi yosindikiza.

 

(3) Kusalingana kwa inki ndi inki

 

Mu kusindikiza kwa offset, kusintha kwakukulu pa ubwino wa inki ndi inki. Makamaka, madzi ochulukirapo amakhudza kwambiri bolodi laling'ono la corrugated.

 

(4) Kuchuluka kwa asidi ndi alkali mu yankho la kasupe

 

Ngati asidi ali amphamvu kwambiri, amachedwetsa kuumitsa ndikuwononga mbale yosindikizira; ngati asidi ali wofooka kwambiri, sadzatha kupanga gawo loteteza la hydrophilic pa gawo lopanda kanthu la mbale yosindikizira.

 

(5) Kugwira ntchito kwa nsalu ya rabara

 

Makhalidwe a bulangeti ndi monga mawonekedwe a pamwamba ndi mawonekedwe a kupsinjika. Makhalidwe a pamwamba ndi chitsimikizo cha kuyamwa kwa inki ndi kusamutsa inki, pomwe mawonekedwe a kupsinjika ndi maziko opezera zithunzi zapamwamba pa bolodi lopangidwa ndi corrugated.

 

Kusindikiza mwachindunji kwa makatoni ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zinyalala ndi njira yatsopano yosindikizira yomwe yafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri pankhani ya kusindikiza ndi khalidwe losindikiza. Ndikofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa pepala losindikiza. Lidzakhala bokosi la zinyalala lapamwamba komanso katoni. Bolodi la mapepala, lomwe ndi chisankho choyamba chopangira zinthu, likhoza kubweretsa phindu lalikulu pazachuma kumakampani opaka ndi kusindikiza, ndipo ndi limodzi mwa malangizo akuluakulu opangira zinthu zosindikizira za offset mtsogolo. Izi zayambitsanso kuwala kowala pakukula kwa kusindikiza kwa offset.