Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza ry'impapuro zisanzwe zipfunyikwa

Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza ry'ibikorwa gakondoimpapurogupfunyika

Isesengura ry'inganda:

1. Isesengura ry'imiterere y'inganda:

Inganda zikora impapuro zo gupfunyika:

Gupfunyika impapuro bivuga impapuro z'ibanze nk'ibikoresho by'ibanze, binyuze mu gucapa no gutunganya ibindi bikorwa hagamijwe kurinda no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa byo gupfunyika, cyane cyane amakarito y'amabara, amakarito, imfashanyigisho, udupapuro two kwifata, ibikoresho byo gupfunyika n'ibindi byinshi bitandukanye, gupfunyika impapuro "bifite ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho fatizo, bifite igipimo gito cy'igiciro cy'ibicuruzwa, kurengera ibidukikije, gutunganya ibikoresho byoroshye, kubika no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byoroshye hamwe n'ibindi byiza byinshi. Bitewe no kunoza imikorere y'umusaruro n'urwego rwa tekiniki, ibikoresho byo gupfunyika impapuro byashoboye gusimbuza igice cy'udupfunyika tw'ibiti, gupfunyika pulasitiki, gupfunyika ikirahure, gupfunyika aluminium, gupfunyika ibyuma, gupfunyika ibyuma n'ibindi bikoresho byo gupfunyika, kandi urwego rwo gukoresha rurarushaho kuba runini.

Kuri ubu, Ubushinwa bwashinze Delta y'Uruzi rwa Pearl, Delta y'Uruzi rwa Yangtze n'ikigobe cya Bohai. Agace k'ubukungu, Agace k'ubukungu ko mu misozi miremire yo hagati n'igice cyo hagati cy'umukandara w'ubukungu w'uruzi rwa Yangtze, utu duce dutanu tw'inganda zikora impapuro zipfunyika, utu duce dutanu tw'inganda zikora impapuro zipfunyika twigarurira 60% by'isoko ry'igihugu ry'inganda zipfunyika impapuro. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n'iterambere ry'inganda zikora impapuro zipfunyika, amategeko n'amabwiriza yo kurengera ibidukikije agenda arushaho gukomera, ipiganwa rikomeye ku isoko rigenda rigabanya inyungu z'ibigo, bigatuma ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bivaho buhoro buhoro, umubare w'ibigo mu nganda ugenda ugabanuka uko umwaka utashye, kandi imiterere y'inganda igenda irushaho kuba myiza. Amwe mu masanduku y'iminsi mikuru azwi cyane, nkaAgasanduku ka shokora yo ku munsi w'abakundanatruffleagasanduku ka shokora, Agasanduku ka shokora gafite ishusho y'umutima ya Godiva, agasanduku ka shokora y'ibishyimbo, agasanduku ka divayi na shokora,agasanduku k'amatariki, abantu biteguye kwishyura igiciro kinini kugira ngo bagure, ariko kandi bahitamo kugura amapaki yihariye kurushaho.Itabiagasanduku,urumogiagasanduku, vapeagasanduku, umwotsi icyuma gisyakandi yabaye kimwe mu bicuruzwa bigurishwa cyane mu Bushinwa.

Icyiciro cyo gupfunyika impapuro:

Gupfunyika impapuro bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: gupfunyika hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye n'uburyo bwo gupfunyika burambye bitewe n'uburyo bwo gupfunyika. Gupfunyika hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoshye bivuga uburyo bwo gupfunyika buhuye neza n'uburyo bwo gupfunyika, ahanini bukoreshwa mu gupfunyika ibicuruzwa nk'ibikoresho byo kwa muganga, imiti, ibiribwa, ibinyobwa bisukuye, n'imiti ya buri munsi. Gupfunyika biramba akenshi bivuga uburyo bwo gupfunyika bufite urwego rwo hanze rurinda, naho gupfunyika biramba ahanini bikoreshwa mu gutanga umwanya wemewe n'amategeko no kurinda neza gupfunyika imbere.

Dukurikije imikorere yo gupakira, igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: gupakira impapuro rusange, gupakira impapuro zigenewe umwihariko, gupakira impapuro z'ibiribwa n'gupakira impapuro zo gucapa. Gupakira impapuro rusange bigizwe ahanini n'impapuro z'ibanze n'ikarito, imiterere isanzwe ni amakarito, ibice, imifuka y'impapuro n'amakarito, nibindi. Gupakira impapuro zigenewe umwihariko bigizwe ahanini n'impapuro zo gupfunyika zirinda amavuta, impapuro zo gupfunyika zirinda ubushuhe, impapuro zirinda ingese, zikoreshwa mu mashini nini n'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho by'icyuma, gupakira impapuro z'ibiribwa ku biribwa, ibinyobwa n'ibindi bikoresho byo gupakira. Imiterere isanzwe ni impapuro zo gupakira ibiribwa, impapuro zo gupakira bombo, nibindi, gupakira impapuro zo gucapa bivuga urwego rwo hejuru rufite ikarito yo kuzuza n'ifatabuguzi byanditse ku kimenyetso cy'ubucuruzi cyakozwe mu dusanduku tw'amakarito n'izindi mpapuro zo gupakira, imiterere isanzwe ifite impapuro z'umweru, ikarito y'umweru n'ibindi.

2. Isesengura ry'uruhererekane rw'inganda:

Uruhererekane rw'inganda zikora impapuro mu Bushinwa kuva hejuru kugeza hasi rushobora kugabanywamo abatanga ibikoresho fatizo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, abakora impapuro zo mu rwego rwo hagati n'inganda zikora impapuro zo mu rwego rwo hejuru.

Hejuru:

Inganda zitunganya impapuro zicapa kandi zipfunyika ziha inganda z’impapuro impapuro z’umweru, impapuro ebyiri zifatanye, impapuro zipfunyika, impapuro zikozwe mu mabati n’ibindi bikoresho by’impapuro, ndetse n’inganda zikora imiti n’ibikoresho byo gupfunyika bitanga ibikoresho by’inyongera byo gucapa nka wino, wino na kole ku nganda.

Inganda z'impapuro ni urwego rw'ingenzi mu nganda zikora impapuro, hakurikijwe ibicuruzwa bitandukanye mu nganda zikora impapuro, ikiguzi cyo gucapa no gupakira ibikoresho by'impapuro biri hagati ya 30% na 80%, bityo inganda zikora impapuro, cyane cyane iterambere ry'inganda zikora impapuro n'ibiciro by'impapuro fatizo bizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku rwego rw'inyungu z'inganda zikora impapuro.

Ku bijyanye n'imashini n'ibikoresho byo gupakira impapuro, urwego rwa tekiniki rw'imashini zo gupakira impapuro mu Bushinwa ruri inyuma cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere mu Burengerazuba bw'Isi, kandi rufite ikibazo mu guhangana n'iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa, imikorere, ireme, kwizerwa, serivisi, nibindi, ubuhanga mu gupakira impapuro n'ibikoresho biri hejuru, kandi hari imbogamizi nyinshi mu bya tekiniki. Ibikoresho bikuru ku isi byagiye bitera imbere mu rwego rwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, guhuza abantu, kwihuta cyane no gukoresha bike, kurengera ibidukikije no kuvugurura imikorere y'abantu. Imashini n'ibikoresho by'inganda zo gupakira impapuro mu Bushinwa biracyashingiye ahanini ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga ritari ryitezwe, bityo imbaraga z'ibigo bikuru byo gupakira impapuro n'ibikoresho biri hejuru zirashobora kuzamuka.

Hagati mu ruziga:

Mu nganda zikora impapuro zo gupakira hagati, bitewe n’uko imari shingiro n’ikoranabuhanga biri hasi mu nganda zikora impapuro zo gupakira, ibigo bito bipakira impapuro biri ku rwego rwo hasi mu nganda bitewe n’umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa, urwego ruto rw’ibicuruzwa, guhuza ibicuruzwa ni ibintu bikomeye, ipiganwa rikomeye hagati yabyo, kandi urwego rw’inyungu n’ubushobozi bwo gupiganira biri hasi cyane. Ibigo binini mu nganda bitewe n’inyungu nini n’imbaraga zikomeye mu bya tekiniki, bityo mu gihe politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije irushaho gukomera no kuzamuka kw’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo n’ibindi bintu bifite ubushobozi bwo kwihangana buri hejuru, Yutong Technology, Hexing packing, Donggang imigabane, n’ibindi bigo bikomeye bigenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro mu nganda, ishyirwa mu byiciro ry’isoko ryarushijeho kwiyongera. Ibi bigo bipakira impapuro byo ku rwego rwo hejuru bifite urwego rwo hejuru rw’inyungu n’ubushobozi bwo gupiganira mu nganda bitewe n’inyungu zabyo zo ku rwego runini, ikiguzi gito cyo kugura ibikoresho fatizo, urwego rwo hejuru rw’ikoranabuhanga, gukenera ibicuruzwa byinshi n’agaciro kongerewe.

Inzira yo hasi:

Igice cyo hasi cy’uruhererekane rw’impapuro mu Bushinwa gikubiyemo ahanini ibiryo, ibinyobwa, imiti ya buri munsi, ubuvuzi, ibikoresho by’umuco, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’inganda zitanga serivisi zigezweho. Muri byo, inganda zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, ibiribwa n’itabi n’inzoga zirimo gukenera cyane gupakira impapuro. Bitewe n’iterambere rikomeye ry’imibereho y’Abashinwa, imiterere y’ibikenewe by’abaguzi irimo guhinduka no kuvugururwa, kandi icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa bipakira nacyo cyazamuwe kuva ku buryo bworoshye bwo kurinda gupakira kugira ngo bigaragaze ireme ry’ibicuruzwa n’ibikenewe ku rwego rw’abaguzi. Abakiriya bakomeye b’ibigo binini bipakira impapuro ahanini ni abakiriya banini bafite ireme, bene abo bakiriya bafite ubumenyi bwinshi ku kirango cyabo kandi bunguka cyane. Gifite ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo ireme ry’impapuro zipakire kandi zikomeze gutanga, kandi icyifuzo cy’abakiriya b’inganda zikoresha impapuro zifite uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ibigo bipakira impapuro, bityo gifite ububasha bwinshi mu ruhando rw’inganda.

3. Isesengura ry'icyitegererezo cy'ubucuruzi

Uburyo bw'ubucuruzi bw'ibigo byinshi mu nganda ni: gushaka ibikoresho fatizo ku batanga serivisi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, gutanga serivisi imwe mu nganda, gukorera abakiriya mu rwego rwo hasi rwa serivisi, hanyuma bakabona inyungu muri byo. Ubu buryo bufite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe: mu bijyanye no kugura, umubare w'inganda zo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni munini, ibigo bifite uburenganzira bwo kuvuga, kandi ubushobozi bwo gupakira impapuro mu buryo bwo kungurana ibitekerezo buri hasi: mu bijyanye n'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ibicuruzwa, urwego rwa tekiniki mu nganda ni ruto, kandi ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga n'udushya mu bigo bito n'ibiciriritse ni buke; mu bijyanye n'umusaruro n'inganda, guhuza ibicuruzwa ni ingenzi, igiciro cy'umusaruro ni gito, umwanya w'inyungu ni muto, ubwikorezi n'ubwikorezi, urwego rwa serivisi mu bigo ni ruto, ibyo ntibifasha kwagura serivisi z'abakiriya.

Uburyo bw'ubucuruzi bwo gupakira ibisubizo byose

Uretse gukora ibicuruzwa byo gupakira abakiriya, tunatanga serivisi zuzuye nko gushushanya ibyo gupakira, kugura ibicuruzwa ku ruhande rwa gatatu, gukwirakwiza ibikoresho, no gucunga ububiko. Uburyo bwo gupakira bwatangiriye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kandi bukoreshwa cyane mu Burayi no mu turere twateye imbere muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bwabaye icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'inganda zo gupakira ku isi. Uburyo bwo gupakira buhindura intego y'abatanga ibicuruzwa kuva ku bicuruzwa ubwabyo bakajya gukemura ibibazo nyakuri by'abakiriya, kandi bugurisha igisubizo rusange gikubiyemo ibikoresho byo gupakira na serivisi zo gupakira ku bakiriya nk'igicuruzwa. Uburyo bw'ubucuruzi bwa Total Solution bwo gupakira buha imicungire n'igenzura ry'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho byo gupakira ku mucuruzi umwe utanga ibicuruzwa byo gupakira, bigabanya neza ikiguzi cy'imikorere y'abakiriya bo hasi hakurikijwe uburyo busanzwe bw'ubucuruzi bw'inganda zo gucapa no gupakira.

4. Ahantu hacururizwa isoko:

Biteganijwe ko gupakira impapuro mu 2023 bizaba hafi miliyari 540 z'isoko. Dukurikije imibare ya Kearney, ingano rusange y'inganda zipakira impapuro muri 2021 ni miliyari 202.8 z'amadolari, aho igipimo cyo gupakira impapuro ari miliyari 75.7 z'amadolari, bingana na 37%, ari na cyo gipimo kinini mu gice cyo gupakira impapuro: Dukurikije ibyari biteganijwe kuva mu 2021 kugeza mu 2023, igipimo cy'inganda zipakira impapuro mu Bushinwa cyazamutse kiva kuri miliyari 75.7 z'amadolari kigera kuri miliyari 83.7 z'amadolari, aho CAGR ya 5.2%. Ibintu by'ingenzi bitera ingaruka ni ugusimbuza ipulasitiki y'impapuro, kongera ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho ndetse no kwiyongera kw'inganda zitandukanye.

Muri Mutarama 2020, Komisiyo y'Igihugu Ishinzwe Iterambere n'Ivugurura na Minisiteri y'Ibidukikije basohoye "Ibitekerezo ku gukomeza gushimangira iyubahirizwa ry'Ihumana rya pulasitiki". Mu mpera za 2022, ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bizakoreshwa rimwe na rimwe rizagabanuka cyane, kandi mu 2025, ihumana rya pulasitiki rizagenzurwa neza. Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe n'Ikigo cy'Ubucuruzi cy'Ubushinwa, umusaruro w'inganda zipakira pulasitiki witezwe kugera kuri miliyari 455.5 z'amayuani mu 2021, kandi umwanya wo gusimbuza impapuro zo gupakira ni munini cyane.

5. Nk'umuyoboro w'ingenzi mu ikwirakwizwa ry'ibicuruzwa, inganda zipakira ibicuruzwa zifite amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere. Dore ibintu bike by'ingenzi:

Ubusabe bw'isoko buriyongera: Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, icyifuzo cy'isoko cyo gupakira ibintu byiza gikomeje kwiyongera. Byaba ari urubuga rusanzwe rw'ubucuruzi cyangwa ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti, gupakira ibintu bigira uruhare runini. Imiterere y'abaguzi n'ubusabe bw'ibipfunyika nabyo biriyongera, kandi bafite ibisabwa byinshi ku bwiza n'imikorere.

Iterambere ryihuse rya interineti mu Bushinwa ryatumye ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti buzamuka, aho abaguzi benshi bahitamo kugura kuri interineti. Ibi bituma icyifuzo cy’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti cyiyongera, kandi inganda zo gupakira ibicuruzwa zihura n’amahirwe menshi n’imbogamizi ku isoko. Gupakira ibicuruzwa ku mbuga za interineti ntibigomba kugira inshingano zo kurinda ibicuruzwa no gukurura abaguzi gusa, ahubwo binagomba no guhuza n’ibikenewe byihariye byo gutwara no gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa.

Icya gatatu, ibicuruzwa bikungahaye cyane, kongera ubumenyi ku bidukikije: hamwe no guteza imbere siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga n'udushya, ibicuruzwa biva mu ngeri zose z'ubuzima bikomeje kugaragara, kandi ipiganwa ku isoko rirushaho kuba rinini. Muri urwo rwego, gupfunyika byahindutse uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo gutandukanya ibicuruzwa, kandi imiterere n'imikorere yihariye byabaye urufunguzo rwo gukurura abaguzi. Muri icyo gihe, impungenge z'abaguzi ku gupfunyika no gusaba ibipfunyika bitangiza ibidukikije nabyo byakomeje kwiyongera, biteza imbere iterambere ry'ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije no gupfunyika mu buryo burambye.

Icya kane, kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya: inganda zipakira zateye imbere cyane mu ikoranabuhanga. Ibikoresho bigezweho n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho bituma umusaruro w'ibipakira urushaho kuba mwiza kandi utunganye, kandi ikoranabuhanga ryo gucapa no gutunganya imiterere y'ibipakira naryo rizana amahirwe menshi yo gushushanya ibipakira. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho bituma inganda zipakira zirushaho kuba nziza kandi zihariye, kandi binoza ireme n'ishusho y'ibipakira mu gihe bihaza ibyifuzo by'abaguzi ku giti cyabo.

Mu isoko rikomeje guhangana cyane, gukora no gutunganya ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byo gupakira ntibyashoboye guhaza ibyifuzo by'ibigo by'ubucuruzi. Ibigo by'ubucuruzi bikeneye serivisi zirambuye kandi zifite agaciro kanini, atari ugukora ibikoresho byoroshye byo gupakira gusa. Kubwibyo, inganda zo gupakira zigomba gutera imbere mu cyerekezo kimwe kandi gihuriweho. Huza modules zijyanye na serivisi nko gutegura ikirango, kwamamaza ibicuruzwa no gupakira kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo byuzuye ku bigo by'ubucuruzi kugira ngo bifashe ibigo kugera ku ntego yo kugurisha neza.

Biringirwa ko mu gihe kizaza, ibigo byinshi bicuruza ibikoresho bizajya bikomeza gukurikirana impinduka mu isoko, bikomeze guhanga udushya no kunoza serivisi, biha abakiriya gahunda y’umwuga y’ikirango, kwamamaza ibicuruzwa no gushushanya ibikoresho bipfunyika, kandi bifatanye guteza imbere inganda zicuruza ibikoresho bipfunyika.

Mu gihe kizaza, hazakoreshwa ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije, kuko guteza imbere ibikoresho by’icyatsi kibisi bishobora kongera gukoreshwa ari yo ntego yacu rusange..Kurinda isi ni inshingano yacu buri gihe.