abahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha ledethi lase-china

Kulezi zinsuku, amabhokisi asetshenziswa kuzo zonke izindlela zokuphila, futhi izimboni ezahlukene zinezidingo ezahlukene zosayizi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yimuphi umenzi noma imboni, kudingeka inani elikhulu lamabhokisi ukuze kusetshenziswe imali njalo ngonyaka.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha le-hina date.Ukuze kudalwe ubuqambi kanye nobuntu ekwakhiweni kwephakeji, ihluzo ziyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuveza. Zidlala indima yomthengisi, zidlulisela okuqukethwe kwephakeji kubathengi ngemiphumela ebonakalayo, futhi zinomthelela omkhulu obonakalayo. Kungadonsela ukunaka kwabathengi futhi kudale isifiso sokuthenga.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha le-hina date,Imidwebo yokupakishwa ingafingqwa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: imidwebo yekhonkrithi, imidwebo ewukhonkolo kanye nemidwebo ewukhonkolo. Zihlobene kakhulu nokuqukethwe kokupakishwa, ukuze izici zomkhiqizo zikwazi ukudluliselwa ngokugcwele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke kube nencazelo futhi ngeke kuhlotshaniswe nabantu. Ukubona noma yini futhi ungalindeli ukuthi ibe nomphumela kuyoba ukwehluleka okukhulu komklami wokupakishwa. Ngokuvamile, uma umkhiqizo ungowomzimba kakhulu, njengokudla nokuphuza, khona-ke kuzogxilwa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwemidwebo yekhonkrithi; uma umkhiqizo ungowokucabanga kakhulu, kuzosetshenziswa imidwebo eminingi ewukhonkolo noma ewukhonkolo kancane.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha le-hina date,Imidwebo yokupakishwa ihlobene nezilaleli eziqondiwe, ikakhulukazi labo abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Uma uklama imidwebo yokupakishwa komkhiqizo, kufanele uyinakekele kahle ukuze imidwebo yokupakishwa eklanyelwe ikwazi ukuqashelwa yinhloso ekhangayo futhi ifeze injongo yesidingo.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha le-hina date. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha komkhiqizo kungenza abathengi bakwazi ukuqonda ngqo okuqukethwe yiphakheji ukuze baveze umthelela obonakalayo kanye nemiphumela efiselekayo, ngokuvamile besebenzisa ihluzo ezingokomfanekiso noma ihluzo ezingokoqobo zezithombe. Isibonelo, ekupakisheni kokudla, ukuze kuboniswe ubumnandi bokudla, izithombe zokudla zivame ukunyatheliswa emaphaketheni omkhiqizo ukuze kujuliswe umbono wabathengi ocacile futhi kudale isifiso sokuthenga.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha le-hina date,"Izigcawu nemizwa ethinta inhliziyo" kusho ukuthi izinto zivusa okuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo empilweni kanye nemicabango nemizwa. Isebenzisa imizwa njengendlela yokushintsha kusuka entweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, kusukela ekubukekeni kwento eyodwa kuya ekubukekeni kwenye into. Ngokuvamile, kusekelwe kakhulu ezicini zokubukeka komkhiqizo, izici zomphumela womkhiqizo ngemva kokusetshenziswa, okunye kanye nesimo sokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo, ukwakheka komkhiqizo kanye nezithako zephakheji, imvelaphi yomkhiqizo, indaba nomlando womkhiqizo, izici zendawo yomsuka kanye namasiko kazwelonke. Yakha ihluzo zephakheji ukuchaza incazelo yomkhiqizo, ukuze abantu bakwazi ukucabanga ngokuqukethwe kwephakheji ngemva kokubona ihluzo.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha le-hina date,Umklamo omuhle kakhulu wokupakisha wenza abantu bawuthande, bawudumise, futhi wenze abantu bafune ukuwuthenga. Lesi sici esenza abantu bawuthande umphumela ongokomfanekiso ovela ekupakisheni. Umsebenzi wezimpawu uwukusikisela. Nakuba zingavezi imibono ngokuqondile noma ngokuqondile, umsebenzi wokusikisela unamandla futhi ngezinye izikhathi udlula ukubonakaliswa okuqondile. Isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kokupakisha kwekhofi, isithombe sokupakisha esishisayo sibonisa ikhwalithi yekhofi enuka kamnandi. Siphinde sifanekise ukuthi izinsizwa nezintombi ziyiziphuzo ezibalulekile ebudlelwaneni bothando kanye nezinsuku zokuhlangana, ukuze zidonsele abathengi.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha le-hina date,Amazwe ahlukene anezintandokazi ezahlukene kanye nemithetho engahambisani nemidwebo yokupakisha: Amazwe amaSulumane ayawenqabela imidwebo yezingulube, izinkanyezi ezinamachopho ayisithupha, iziphambano, imizimba yabantu besifazane, kanye nezithombe zokuphakamisa izithupha njengemidwebo yokupakisha, kanye nezinkanyezi ezinamachopho amahlanu kanye nemidwebo ye-crescent; Abantu baseJapan bakholelwa ukuthi izimbali ze-lotus Akunanhlanhla, impungushe inobuqili futhi iyahaha, kanti iphethini ye-chrysanthemum enama-petal ayishumi nesithupha esetshenziswa ku-royal crest yaseJapan ayifanele ukupakisha. Bathanda amaphethini ezindilinga nezimbali ze-cherry; amaNgisi aqhathanisa izimbuzi namadoda angalawuleki, futhi abheka amaqhude njengezinto ezingcolile, izindlovu azinamsebenzi futhi ziyacasula, futhi azikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengemidwebo yokupakisha, kodwa imidwebo yesihlangu ne-oki iyathandwa; iSingapore idume umhlaba wonke njengeDolobha Lengonyama futhi ithanda imidwebo yengonyama; imidwebo yezinja ivela eThailand, e-Afghanistan, Akunamthetho emazweni amaSulumane eNyakatho Afrika; amaFulentshi akholelwa ukuthi ama-walnut awananhlanhla, kanti iphethini ye-spades iwuphawu lokulila; amaNicaragua namaKorea akholelwa ukuthi onxantathu abananhlanhla, futhi laba abakwazi ukusetshenziswa njengemidwebo yokupakisha; abanye abantu eHong Kong babheka inkukhu njengegama elifanayo nelithi izifebe. Ngakho-ke, ayifaneleki imidwebo yokupakisha imibhede.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha le-hina date, Ngokungafani nephepha, ikhadibhodi elihlanganisiwe lenziwa ngokucubungula iphepha eliyisisekelo elihlanganisiwe libe yisimo esihlanganisiwe, bese kusetshenziswa inhlaka yokubopha ubuso kanye nesendlalelo esiphakathi esihlanganisiwe kusuka ezinhlangothini zombili, ukuze ungqimba oluphakathi lwekhadibhodi lube nesakhiwo esingenalutho. Linamandla aphezulu, ukuqina, nokuqina. Amandla okuqhuma okucindezelayo, njll. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zalo ezikhethekile, manje lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekupakisheni umkhiqizo, futhi ukuphrinta ngqo ephepheni elihlanganisiwe sekuyindlela yokuphrinta eyinhloko yamabhokisi okupakisha.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha le-hina date,Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ikakhulukazi eYurophu nase-United States, ikhadibhodi elincane kakhulu neliqinile kakhulu eline-corrugated lithathe izimakethe eziningi zekhadibhodi elinophahla, ngoba linezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba kanye nezakhiwo zokuphrinta zekhadibhodi elinophahla kanye nekhadibhodi elinophahla. Uma liqhathaniswa nekhadibhodi elinophahla lendabuko, linezici zamandla amahle, amandla aqinile okubopha, ukuguquguquka okuhle, ukonga izinto, isisindo esincane, kanye nomphumela omuhle wokuphrinta. Uma liqhathaniswa nekhadibhodi elinophahla lendabuko, ikhadibhodi elincane linezimpawu zama-flute amancane, ukuqina okuphezulu, isakhiwo esincane, izinto eziqinile nezisicaba, izinto ezilula nezincane, ukumelana okuhle kokucindezela, futhi lingaphrintwa ngqo ngomshini wokuphrinta we-offset. Esikhathini esidlule, laliphrintwa kuphela kumapuleti e-flexographic. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yokuphrinta okuqondile emshinini wokuphrinta kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza yokuphrinta kuqala bese i-laminate emshinini wokuphrinta we-offset yenza inqubo ibe lula, ifinyeze umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha le-hina date,Amabhodi amancane asetshenziswa kakhulu ahlanganisa uhlobo lwe-F (0.75mm), uhlobo lwe-G (0.5mm), uhlobo lwe-N (0.46mm), uhlobo lwe-O (0.3mm), njll., wonke akhiwe ngezendlalelo ezintathu, okuyiphepha eliphezulu, iphepha eliyinhloko kanye nephepha elingezansi. . Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ikhadibhodi elincane elinokhonkolo nalo linezici ezilandelayo:

(1)Amandla aphezulu, angathuthukisa umsebenzi wokuvikela womkhiqizo, futhi aqine ngo-40% kunekhadibhodi elijiyile;

(2)Isisindo esilula, 40% ilula kunekhadibhodi elijiyile, kanye 20% ilula kunekhadibhodi eligoqiwe elifakwe ngaphakathi;

(3)Ubuso obubushelelezi, amaphethini amahle, imibala egqamile, kanye nemiphumela ebonakalayo eqinile.

 

1. Umgomo wokuphrinta nge-offset kanye nezidingo zawo zokuphrinta ngekhadibhodi eligoqiwe

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha le-hina date,Njengamanje, izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekuphrinteni amakhadibhodi anezinti zihlanganisa ukuphrinta kwe-flexographic, ukuphrinta kwe-gravure kanye nokuphrinta kwe-offset kwephepha elingaphezulu bese kuba yi-lamination. Phakathi kwazo, ukuphrinta kwe-flexographic yikho okusetshenziswa kakhulu, kodwa ukunemba kokuphrinta akuphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kungaphrinta kuphela amanye amabhokisi aphansi, kuyilapho ukuphrinta kwe-gravure kanye nokuphrinta kwe-offset kuyizinqubo zangaphambi kokuphrinta, okungukuthi, ukuphrinta izicubu kuqala bese kuba ukuphrinta. Nakuba ukwelashwa kokubopha kungafinyelela ikhwalithi engcono, inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi izindleko ziphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuphrinta kwe-offset ngqo kukhadibhodi elinezinti kuyinqubo entsha elandelwa imboni yokupakisha nokuphrinta. I-KBA Rapida 105 yamanje kanye ne-Manroland 700 kanye ne-900 zingaphrinta ngqo kukhadibhodi elinezinti ezincane, futhi ikhwalithi yokuphrinta ingafinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

 

Cabahlinzeki bebhokisi lokupakisha le-hina date,Ukuphrinta kwe-offset kusebenzisa umthetho wemvelo wokungaxubeki kwamafutha namanzi. Epuletini lokuphrinta elicishe libe sendizeni efanayo, izingxenye zesithombe nombhalo zimunca uyinki kuphela, kanti ingxenye engenalutho imunca amanzi kuphela. Uyinki wesithombe nombhalo udluliselwa ku-substrate ngengubo. Ngenxa yokubuyiselwa kwayo okuphezulu kwesithombe kanye nokukwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha umbala, ukuphrinta kwe-offset okwamanje kuyindlela yokuphrinta esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi evuthiwe ngobuchwepheshe. Njengamanje, kubalwa ngaphezu kwama-50% akho konke ukuphrinta eShayina, ikakhulukazi ukuphrinta iphepha. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngentuthuko esheshayo yokuphrinta amaphakheji, ukuphrinta kwe-flexographic, ukuphrinta kwe-gravure, kanye nokuphrinta kwesikrini kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu, kuyilapho umfutho wokuthuthukiswa kanye nesilinganiso sokuphrinta kwe-offset kwehlile.

 

Njengamanje, ngenxa yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokunyathelisa nge-offset bokunyathelisa ngqo ephepheni elincane elinokhonkolo, inqubo yokunyathelisa nge-offset izovuselelwa. Emkhakheni wamabhokisi ekhadibhodi e-fiber yendabuko, njengewayini, izinto zikagesi ezincane, izicathulo, amathuluzi ehadiwe, izinto zikagesi ezincane, isofthiwe yekhompyutha, izibonisi zokuthengisa zekhawunta, ukudla okusheshayo, njll., ukunyathelisa nge-offset sekuqalile ukuncintisana nezinye izimboni ngenxa yekhwalithi yokunyathelisa engcono. Ikhadibhodi elinokhonkolo eliqinile lendabuko lincintisana emakethe.

 

Kodwa-ke, isixazululo somthombo sisetshenziswa ekuphrinteni kwe-offset (isixazululo somthombo sisetshenziswa kakhulu ukugcina ingxenye engenalutho yepuleti lokuphrinta ihlanzekile, kanti ingxenye eyinhloko yesisombululo somthombo ngamanzi), okwenza inqubo yokuphrinta ye-offset ibe nzima kakhulu. Ukuxuba uyinki namanzi kuzokhiqiza i-emulsification yeyinki, okuzobangela ukuthi ibhodi lephepha limunce amanzi, lishintshe ukwakheka, futhi lishintshe amandla alo, okuzothinta umbala, i-viscosity, kanye nokusebenza kokomisa kweyinki. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kwebhalansi yeyinki kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma inani lamanzi likhulu kakhulu, uyinki izoxutshwa ngokweqile, ukomisa kuzoncishiswa ijubane, futhi umbala uzoba lula. Ikakhulukazi, ikhadibhodi elihlanganisiwe lizomunca amanzi amaningi, okuzonciphisa amandla okucindezela kanye namandla obuso, futhi kungabangela nokuthi liwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuphrinta.

 

Njengoba usayizi wekhadibhodi ukhula, ukuguquguquka kwephepha elingaphezulu kanye nephepha elingaphakathi akuhambisani, okwenza ukufaneleka kokuphrinta kube kubi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa komthamo wamanzi kokuphrinta ngokuqondile kwekhadibhodi elihlanganisiwe kuqinile kunokwephrinta iphepha elivamile. Futhi uma inani leyinki likhulu kakhulu, kuzovela izinkinga ezifana nokwandiswa kwamachashazi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezingqimba, kanye nokugcotshwa. Ngakho-ke, ibhalansi yeyinki kanye neyinki kumele ilawulwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphrinta, ikakhulukazi inani lamanzi.

 

Ukuphrinta okuqondile kwe-offset kukhadibhodi eligoqekile kudinga isisindo esilula kunephepha elivamile maqondana nokulawula ingcindezi. Njengoba ikhadibhodi eligoqekile eligoqekile eliphakathi lingenalutho, uma ingcindezi iphezulu kakhulu, kuzokwenzeka amaphutha njengokwanda kwamachashazi nokuhlanganiswa kwezingqimba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzovela isenzakalo "sebhodi lokuwasha", futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuzokwenzeka ukuchotshozwa. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula ingcindezi kudinga ukucaca kakhudlwana.

 

Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile zekhadibhodi eligoqekile, lolu hlobo lomshini wokunyathelisa we-offset luvame ukusebenzisa ingubo yerabha ekhethekile enokucindezela okuhle kanye nobunzima obuthile, ukuze ukumelana okuhlukile kokucindezelwa kobuso bekhadibhodi eligoqekile kungakhokhelwa ngokushintshwa kokucindezelwa kwengubo. Ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kokushintshwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokunyathelisa.

 

2. Umthelela wokunyathelisa nge-offset ekunyatheliseni amakhadibhodi ane-corrugated

 

(1) Umphumela emandleni ebhodi eligoqiwe

 

Ukucindezela okukhulu kokunyathelisa kwe-offset kuzonciphisa amandla okucindezela ekhadibhodi eligoqekile; ukusetshenziswa kwesisombululo somthombo kuzonciphisa amandla ongaphezulu kanye namandla okucindezela ekhadibhodi ngenxa yokumuncwa kwamanzi.

 

(2) Isenzakalo "sebhodi lokugeza"

 

Inkinga yebhodi lokuwasha iyinkinga evame kakhulu yekhwalithi ekuphrinteni ngekhadibhodi eligoqiwe. Lesi simo singase senzeke uma ingcindezi kanye nomthamo weyinki kungenakukwazi ukulawulwa kahle ngesikhathi sokuphrinta.

 

(3) Ukungalingani kweyinki noyinki

 

Ekuphrinteni kwe-offset, umthelela omkhulu ekhwalithini ukulingana kweyinki noyinki. Ikakhulukazi, amanzi amaningi anomthelela omkhulu ebhodini elincane elinokhonkolo.

 

(4) Ubumuncu kanye ne-alkalinity yesisombululo somthombo

 

Uma i-asidi inamandla kakhulu, izonciphisa ijubane lokomisa futhi igqwale ipuleti lokuphrinta; uma i-asidi ibuthakathaka kakhulu, ngeke ikwazi ukwakha ungqimba oluvikelayo olusebenza kahle olufana ne-hydrophilic engxenyeni engenalutho yepuleti lokuphrinta.

 

(5) Ukusebenza kwendwangu yerabha

 

Izakhiwo zengubo zihlanganisa izakhiwo zobuso kanye nezakhiwo zokuguqulwa kokucindezela. Izakhiwo zobuso ziyisiqinisekiso sokumunca uyinki nokudlulisa uyinki, kanti izakhiwo zokuguqulwa kokucindezela ziyisisekelo sokuthola izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu ebhodini elihlanganisiwe.

 

Ukuphrinta ngqo kwe-offset Ikhadibhodi elincane elinokhonkolo kuyinqubo entsha yokuphrinta efinyelele ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu maqondana nomphumela wokuphrinta kanye nekhwalithi yokuphrinta. Ngokuyisisekelo ifana nekhwalithi yokuphrinta yephepha. Izoba ibhokisi elinokhonkolo eliphezulu kanye nebhokisi. Ibhodi lephepha, ukukhetha kokuqala kokupakisha, lingaletha izinzuzo ezinkulu kwezomnotho ezinkampanini zokupakisha nokuphrinta, futhi lingenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kokuphrinta kwe-offset esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu kuvuselele ukukhanya okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuphrinta kwe-offset.