Umthelela wezinto zokupakisha emvelweni nasezinsizeni
Izinto zokwakha ziyisisekelo kanye nokwandulela intuthuko yezomnotho neyenhlalo kazwelonke. Enkambisweni yokuvuna, ukukhipha, ukulungiselela, ukukhiqizwa, ukucubungula, ukuthuthwa, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokulahla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhuthaza intuthuko yezenhlalo neyezomnotho kanye nentuthuko yempucuko yabantu, ngakolunye uhlangothi. Iphinde isebenzise amandla amaningi kanye nezinsizakusebenza, futhi ikhipha igesi eningi engcolile, amanzi angcolile kanye nezinsalela zemfucuza, kungcolise indawo yokuphila yabantu. Izibalo ezahlukahlukene zibonisa ukuthi, kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kobuningi bamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza kanye nembangela eyinhloko yokungcola kwemvelo, izinto zokwakha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwazo kungenye yemithwalo yemfanelo eyinhloko ebangela ukushoda kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinsizakusebenza kanye nokuncipha. Ngokuchuma kwezimpahla kanye nokukhula okusheshayo kwemboni yokupakisha, izinto zokwakha nazo zibhekene nenkinga efanayo. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kwezinto zokwakha emhlabeni wonke kungu-145kg ngonyaka. Phakathi kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-600 emfucuza ewuketshezi kanye neqinile ekhiqizwa emhlabeni minyaka yonke, imfucuza yokufaka ingaba ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-16, okwenza u-25% wevolumu yayo yonke imfucuza yasemadolobheni. 15% wesisindo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi inani elimangalisayo kangaka lizoholela ekungcolisweni okukhulu kwemvelo kanye nokumoshwa kwezinsiza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ikakhulukazi, "ukungcola okumhlophe" okubangelwa imfucuza yokupakisha yepulasitiki engenakuwohloka iminyaka engu-200 kuya kwengu-400 kusobala futhi kuyakhathaza.
Ibhokisi leshokoledi
Umthelela wezinto zokupakisha emvelweni nasezinsizeni ubonakala ezicini ezintathu.
(1) Ukungcola okubangelwa inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwezinto zokupakisha
Ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zokupakisha, ezinye zezinto zokusetshenziswa ziyacutshungulwa ukuze zenze izinto zokupakisha, kanti ezinye zezinto zokusetshenziswa ziba ukungcola bese zikhishwa ziye emvelweni. Isibonelo, igesi elahliwe, amanzi angcolile, izinsalela zemfucuza nezinto eziyingozi, kanye nezinto eziqinile ezingenakuphinda zisetshenziswe, zibangela umonakalo endaweni ezungezile.
Ibhokisi leshokoledi
(2) Ukungalungi kwezinto zokupakisha ngokwazo kubangela ukungcola
Izinto zokupakisha (kufaka phakathi izinto ezisizayo) zingangcolisa okuqukethwe noma imvelo ngenxa yezinguquko ezakhiweni zazo zamakhemikhali. Isibonelo, i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ayinakho ukuzinza kokushisa okuhle. Ezingeni lokushisa elithile (cishe i-14°C), i-hydrogen kanye ne-chlorine enobuthi kuzobola, okuzongcolisa okuqukethwe (amazwe amaningi ayakwenqabela i-PVC njengokupakisha kokudla). Uma kushiswa, kukhiqizwa i-hydrogen chloride (HCI), okuholela emvuleni ene-asidi. Uma inhlaka esetshenziselwa ukupakisha isekelwe ku-solvent, izophinde ibangele ukungcola ngenxa yobuthi bayo. Amakhemikhali e-chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) asetshenziswa embonini yokupakisha njengezinto ezikhipha amagwebu ukukhiqiza amapulasitiki ahlukahlukene e-foam yiwona abangela ukubhujiswa kongqimba lwe-ozone yomoya emhlabeni, okuletha izinhlekelele ezinkulu kubantu.
Ibhokisi le-macaron
(3) Ukulahlwa kwezinto zokupakisha kubangela ukungcola
Ukupakisha ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa kanye kuphela, futhi cishe u-80% wenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yokupakisha iba yimfucuza yokupakisha. Ngokombono womhlaba wonke, imfucuza eqinile eyakhiwa yimfucuza yokupakisha ibiza cishe u-1/3 wekhwalithi yemfucuza eqinile yasemadolobheni. Izinto zokupakisha ezifanayo zibangela imfucuza enkulu yezinsizakusebenza, futhi izinto eziningi ezingonakalisi noma ezingaphinde zisetshenziswe zakha ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu nebalulekile yokungcola kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi izitsha zepulasitiki ze-foam ezilahlwayo kanye nepulasitiki elahlwayo. "Ukungcola okumhlophe" okwenziwa yizikhwama zokuthenga kuwukungcola okukhulu kakhulu emvelweni.
Ibhokisi le-macaron
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-14-2022
