Ikusasa lentuthuko ithemba bendabukoiphephaukupakisha
Ukuhlaziywa kwemboni:
1. Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo somkhakha:
Imboni yokupakisha amaphepha:
Ukupakishwa kwephepha kubhekisela ephepheni njengesisekelo sempahla eluhlaza, ngokuphrinta nezinye izinqubo zokucubungula ezenzelwe ukuvikelwa nokukhuthazwa kwemikhiqizo yokupakisha, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa amabhokisi ombala, amabhokisi, amabhukwana, izitika ezinamathelayo, izinto ze-buffer nezinye izinhlobo eziningi, ukupakishwa kwephepha "kunohlu olubanzi lwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukubalwa kwenani eliphansi, ukugcinwa kalula komkhiqizo, ukugaywa kabusha komkhiqizo, ukugaywa kabusha komkhiqizo, ukugaywa kabusha kwemvelo nenani eliphansi. kanye nezinye izinzuzo eziningi ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe, imikhiqizo yokupakisha iphepha ikwazile ukufaka ingxenye yokupakisha izinkuni, ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki, ukupakisha ingilazi, ukupakisha kwe-aluminium, ukupakisha kwensimbi, ukupakisha kwensimbi namanye amafomu okupakisha, futhi ububanzi bokufaka isicelo buyakhula.
Njengamanje, i-China isungule i-Pearl River Delta, i-Yangtze River Delta kanye ne-Bohai Bay. Indawo yezomnotho, i-Central Plains Economic Zone kanye nezindawo ezimaphakathi nebhande le-Yangtze River Economic izifunda ezinhlanu zemboni yokupakisha amaphepha, lezi zifunda ezinhlanu zezimboni zokufaka amaphepha zithatha ngaphezu kwama-60% esikalini semakethe yemakethe yokupakisha amaphepha kazwelonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokupakisha amaphepha, imithetho nemithetho yokuvikela imvelo iya ngokuya iqina, ukuncintisana kwemakethe okushubile kwacindezela kancane kancane indawo yenzuzo yamabhizinisi, okuholela ekutheni amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo aqedwe kancane kancane, inani lamabhizinisi embonini liyancipha unyaka nonyaka, futhi ukwakheka kwezimboni kuthanda ukuba nengqondo. Amanye amabhokisi eholide adumile, njengeIbhokisi likashokoledi Losuku Lwezithandani, truffleibhokisi likashokoledi, ibhokisi likashokoledi elimise okwenhliziyo lika-Godiva, ibhokisi likashokoledi we-strawberry, ibhokisi lewayini kanye nebhokisi likashokoledi,ibhokisi losuku, abantu bazimisele ukukhokha inani eliphakeme ukuze bathenge, kodwa futhi bavame ukukhetha ukuthenga ukupakisha okuyingqayizivele.Ugwayiibhokisi,i-hempibhokisi, i-vapeibhokisi, bhema umshini wokugayafuthi isibe ngomunye wemikhiqizo ethengiswa kakhulu eChina.
Isigaba sokupakisha samaphepha:
Ukupakishwa kwamaphepha kungahlukaniswa kube ukupakisha okulahlwayo kanye nokupakisha okuhlala isikhathi eside ngokuya ngendlela yokupakisha. Ukupakisha okulahlwayo kubhekisela efomini lokupakisha elithintana ngqo nephakheji, elisetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kwezimpahla ezithengwayo ezifana nemishini yezokwelapha, izidakamizwa, ukudla, uketshezi oluyinyumba, namakhemikhali ansuku zonke. Ukupakisha okuhlala isikhathi eside ngokuvamile kubhekisela ekufakweni okunongqimba lwangaphandle oluvikelayo, futhi ukupakisha okuhlala isikhathi eside kusetshenziselwa ukunikeza isikhala esisemthethweni kanye nokuvikelwa okungcono kokupakisha kwangaphakathi.
Ngokusho komsebenzi wokupakisha, ihlukaniswe ngamaphakheji wephepha ajwayelekile, inhloso ekhethekile yokupakisha iphepha, ukupakishwa kwamaphepha okudla kanye nokupakisha kwephepha lokuphrinta. Inhloso ejwayelekile yokupakishwa kwephepha ikakhulukazi yakhiwe ngesisekelo sephepha kanye namakhadibhodi, amafomu avamile amabhokisi, ukwahlukanisa, izikhwama zephepha namabhokisi, njll. Ukupakishwa kwephepha okukhethekile ikakhulukazi kwakhiwe ngephepha lokugoqa elingenawo uwoyela, iphepha lokugoqa elingenamswakama, iphepha elingagqwali, elisetshenziselwa imishini emikhulu kanye nemishini kanye nemikhiqizo yensimbi yokupakisha, ukudla, iphakethe lokupakisha lensimu lokudla nokunye. Amafomu avamile yiphepha lesikhumba sokudla, iphepha lesisekelo sokupakisha uswidi, njll., ukupakishwa kwamaphepha okuphrinta kubhekisela kungqimba olungaphezulu olune-filler nekhadibhodi enamathelayo ephrintiwe uphawu lokuthengisa olwenziwe ngamabhokisi ekhadibhodi kanye namanye amaphepha okusetshenziselwa ukupakisha, amafomu avamile anephepha lebhodi elimhlophe, amakhadibhodi amhlophe nokunye.
2. Ukuhlaziywa kochungechunge lwemboni:
Iketanga lemboni yokupakisha iphepha laseShayina ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi lingahlukaniswa laba abahlinzeki bempahla eluhlaza, abakhiqizi bamaphepha aphakathi nendawo kanye nezimboni zezicelo ezingezansi.
Phezu komfula:
Imboni ekhuphukayo yomkhakha wokunyathelisa nokupakisha ihlinzeka ikakhulukazi imboni yamaphepha ngephepha lebhodi elimhlophe, iphepha elinamathelayo eliphindwe kabili, iphepha elihlanganisiwe, iphepha likathayela neminye imikhiqizo yephepha eliyisisekelo, kanye nemboni yamakhemikhali kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini yokupakisha nemishini ehlinzeka ngezinto ezisizayo zokuphrinta njengoyinki, uyinki neglu embonini.
Imboni yamaphepha iyimboni ebalulekile ekhuphuka nomfula embonini yokupakisha, ngokusho kwemikhiqizo ehlukene embonini yokuphrinta nokupakisha, izindleko zokuphrinta nokupakisha imikhiqizo yezinto zokusetshenziswa zamaphepha ezisukela ku-30% ziye ku-80%, ngakho-ke imboni ekhuphuka nomfula, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yephepha kanye nezintengo zephepha eziyisisekelo zizoba nomthelela oqondile ezingeni lenzuzo lemboni yokupakisha.
Mayelana nemishini yokupakisha iphepha kanye nemishini, izinga lobuchwepheshe lemishini yokupakisha yebhokisi laseChina lingemuva kwamazwe aseNtshonalanga athuthukile, futhi lisesimweni esibi emqhudelwaneni wokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, ukusebenza, ikhwalithi, ukwethembeka, isevisi, njll., ubuchwepheshe bemishini yokupakisha amaphepha kanye nemishini kuphezulu, futhi kunezithiyo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe. Imishini ejwayelekile emhlabeni ibilokhu ithuthukiswa ngendlela yokwenza idijithali, ukuxhumana nenethiwekhi, isivinini esikhulu nokusetshenziswa okuphansi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokwenza abantu. Imishini nemishini yemboni yokupakisha amaphepha yaseShayina isancike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva, ngakho-ke amandla okuxoxisana emishini yokupakisha amaphepha aphezulu aphezulu.
I-Midstream:
Embonini yokupakishwa kwamaphepha emaphakathi, ngenxa yemali ephansi kanye nomkhawulo wobuchwepheshe wemboni yokupakisha amaphepha, amabhizinisi amancane okupakisha amaphepha angaphansi kochungechunge lwezimboni ngenxa yenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo, izinga eliphansi lomkhiqizo, i-homogenization yomkhiqizo ibucayi, ukuncintisana okuqinile komunye nomunye, futhi izinga lenzuzo namandla okuxoxisana aphansi kakhulu. Amabhizinisi amakhulu embonini ngenxa yezinzuzo zesikali namandla obuchwepheshe anamandla, ngakho-ke lapho kubhekene nenqubomgomo yezemvelo eqiniswayo kanye nokukhuphuka kwamanani ezinto ezingavuthiwe nezinye izici zinokuqina okuphezulu, i-Yutong Technology, i-Hexing packaging, amasheya e-Donggang, namanye amabhizinisi amakhanda kancane kancane agqama embonini, ukugxilwa kwemakethe kuthuthukisiwe. Lawa mabhizinisi okupakisha amaphepha asezingeni eliphezulu anezinga eliphezulu lenzuzo namandla okuxoxisana embonini ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo zesilinganiso esikhulu, izindleko eziphansi zokuthengwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, izinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe, isidingo esikhulu somkhiqizo kanye nenani eliphakeme elengeziwe.
Umfula ongezansi:
Ingxenye engezansi yochungechunge lwemboni yokupakisha amaphepha yaseChina ikakhulukazi ukudla, isiphuzo, amakhemikhali ansuku zonke, imithi, izimpahla zamasiko, izinto zikagesi kanye nezimboni zokudiliva. Phakathi kwazo, imboni ye-elekthronikhi yabathengi, izimboni zokudla nezogwayi nezotshwala zinesidingo esikhulu sokupakishwa kwamaphepha. Ngokuthuthuka okukhulu kwamazinga okuphila abantu baseShayina, ukwakheka kwesidingo sabathengi kuyaguqulwa futhi kuthuthukiswe, futhi isidingo semikhiqizo yokupakisha sithuthukisiwe sisuka emsebenzini wokuvikela wokupakisha olula wasekuqaleni ukuze kubonakale ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nezidingo zebanga lomthengi. Amakhasimende angezansi amabhizinisi amakhulu okupakisha amaphepha ikakhulukazi amakhasimende amakhulu ekhwalithi ephezulu, amakhasimende anjalo anolwazi oluphezulu lomkhiqizo kanye nenzuzo eqinile. Inezidingo eziphezulu zekhwalithi yokupakishwa kwamaphepha kanye nokuzinza kokuhlinzeka, futhi isidingo samakhasimende embonini yesicelo esisezingeni eliphansi sinendima ebalulekile egxile ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhizinisi okupakisha amaphepha aphakathi nendawo, ngakho-ke inamandla amakhulu okuxoxisana ochungechungeni lwezimboni.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kwemodeli yebhizinisi
Imodeli yebhizinisi yama-sme amaningi embonini ithi: ukuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa kubahlinzeki abakhuphuka nomfula, ukuhlinzeka ngesevisi yokukhiqiza eyodwa, ukuhlinzeka amakhasimende endaweni elinganiselwe yesevisi, bese wenza inzuzo ngayo. Lo modeli unezinkinga ezithile: mayelana nokuthengwa kwempahla, ukugxilwa kwemboni ekhuphukayo kuphezulu, amabhizinisi anelungelo eliphezulu lokukhuluma, futhi amandla okuxoxisana ezinkampanini zokupakisha amaphepha aphansi kakhulu: ngokocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, umkhawulo wezobuchwepheshe wemboni uphansi, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nekhono lokuqamba kabusha lamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi ampofu; Mayelana nokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza, ukuhlanganiswa komkhiqizo kubi kakhulu, i-premium yomkhiqizo iphansi, indawo yenzuzo incane, izinto zokuthutha nezokuthutha, i-radius yesevisi yebhizinisi inomkhawulo, okungahambisani nokwandisa ukukhava kwamakhasimende.
Imodeli yebhizinisi yesisombululo sokupakisha
Ngokungeziwe ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yokupakisha yamakhasimende, siphinde sinikeze isethi ephelele yezinsizakalo ezifana nedizayini yokupakisha, ukuthengwa kwempahla evela eceleni, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinto, kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla. Isixazululo sokupakisha sisonke savela e-United States futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu nase-United States ezifundeni ezithuthukisiwe, sesiphenduke inkambiso yentuthuko yemboni yokupakisha yomhlaba. Izixazululo zokupakisha zisusa ukugxila kwabahlinzeki bokupakisha zisuke kumkhiqizo ngokwawo ziye ekuxazululeni izinkinga zangempela zamakhasimende, futhi zidayise isixazululo esiphelele esimboza izinto zokupakisha kanye nezinsizakalo zokupakisha zokupakisha kumakhasimende njengomkhiqizo. Imodeli yebhizinisi ye-Total Solution yokupakisha idlulisela ukuphathwa nokulawulwa kochungechunge lokuphakelwa kwamaphakheji kumnikezeli wephakheji oyedwa, kwehlisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokusebenza zamakhasimende angezansi ngaphansi kwemodeli yebhizinisi evamile yemboni yokunyathelisa nokupakisha.
4. Indawo yemakethe:
Ukufakwa kwephepha kwango-2023 kulindeleke ukuthi kube indawo yemakethe ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-540. Ngokusho kwedatha kaKearney, ubukhulu bemboni yokupakisha ngo-2021 bungama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-202.8, lapho isilinganiso sokupakishwa samaphepha singama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-75.7, sibalwa ngama-37%, okuyisilinganiso esikhulu kunazo zonke ethrekhi yokupakisha yokuhlukaniswa: Ngokusho kwesibikezelo sika-2021-2023, imboni yephepha ye-7 yenyuka isuka esikalini sama- $ 7 billion. $83.7 billion, ne-CAGR ka-5.2%. Izici zayo eziyinhloko zokushayela ziqhutshwa ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki yephepha, ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kanye nokukhula kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezimboni ezingezansi.
NgoJanuwari 2020, Ikhomishini Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye Nomnyango Wezemvelo Nemvelo bakhiphe “Imibono Ngokuqhubekayo Ukuqinisa Ukulawulwa Kokungcola Kwepulasitiki”. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki elahlayo kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi ngo-2025, ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuzolawulwa ngokuphumelelayo. Ngokwemininingwane ye-China Business Information Network, inani eliphumayo lemboni yokupakisha yepulasitiki kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-455.5 ngo-2021, futhi indawo yokufaka esikhundleni sokupakisha sikhulu.
5. Njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile ekusatshalalisweni kwempahla, imboni yokupakisha inamathemba abanzi entuthuko. Nazi izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
Ukwanda kwesidingo semakethe: Ngokuthuthuka komnotho kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lokuphila kwabantu, isidingo semakethe sokupakishwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu siyaqhubeka nokwanda. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inkundla yokuthengisa evamile noma inkundla ye-e-commerce, ukupakishwa komkhiqizo kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ubuhle kanye nesidingo sabathengi sokupakishwa siyakhula, futhi banezidingo eziphakeme zekhwalithi nokusebenza.
Ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-inthanethi e-China kuholele ekukhuleni kwe-e-commerce, njengoba abathengi abaningi ngokwengeziwe bekhetha ukuthenga ku-inthanethi. Lokhu kwenza isidingo sokukhuphuka kokufakwa kwe-e-commerce, futhi imboni yokupakisha ibhekene namathuba emakethe nezinselelo ezinkulu. Ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo kumapulatifomu e-e-commerce akudingi nje kuphela ukuthi kube nomsebenzi wokuvikela izimpahla nokuheha abathengi, kodwa futhi kuzivumelanisa nezidingo ezikhethekile ze-logistics nokusabalalisa.
Okwesithathu, imikhiqizo ecebile ngokwandayo, ukuqwashisa kwemvelo okuthuthukisiwe: ngokukhuthazwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokusha, imikhiqizo evela kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo iyaqhubeka nokuvela, futhi ukuncintisana kwezimakethe kuya ngokuya kushuba. Kulo mongo, ukupakisha sekuyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlukanisa imikhiqizo, futhi ukuklama okuyingqayizivele nemisebenzi kube yisihluthulelo sokuheha abathengi. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukukhathazeka kwabathengi kanye nesidingo sokupakisha esinobungani bemvelo nakho kuye kwanda, okugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezivikela imvelo kanye nokupakishwa okusimeme.
Okwesine, ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha: imboni yokupakisha yenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Imishini ethuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinqubo kwenza ukukhiqizwa kokupakisha kusebenze kahle futhi kunembile, futhi ukuphindaphindwa kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta nokwakheka nakho kuletha amathuba engeziwe wokuklama ukupakisha. Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali kwenza imboni yokupakisha ihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi ibe ngeyakho, futhi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nesithombe sokupakisha ngenkathi ihlangabezana nezidingo zomthengi ngamunye.
Esimeni semakethe esincintisana ngokwandayo, ukukhiqizwa nokucutshungulwa kokupakisha okujwayelekile akukwazanga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamabhizinisi omkhiqizo. Izinkampani zomkhiqizo zidinga izinsiza ezibanzi kanye nenani lesevisi elikhulu, hhayi nje ukukhiqizwa kokupakisha okulula. Ngakho-ke, imboni yokupakisha idinga ukuthuthuka ngendlela edidiyelwe kanye neyodwa. Hlanganisa amamojula esevisi ahlobene njengokuhlela umkhiqizo, ukumaketha kwemikhiqizo nokupakishwa kokuhlela ukuze unikeze uhla olugcwele lwezixazululo zezinkampani zemikhiqizo ukusiza imikhiqizo ifinyelele umgomo wokuthengisa kahle.
Kukholakala ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, izinkampani zokupakisha zizoqhubeka zihambisana nezinguquko ezifunwa yimakethe, zihlale zisungula futhi zithuthukisa amazinga esevisi, zinikeze amakhasimende ngokuhlelwa komkhiqizo ochwepheshe, ukumaketha kwemikhiqizo kanye nomklamo wokupakisha, futhi ngokuhlanganyela zikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokupakisha.
Ngokuzayo, kuzosetshenziswa izinto ezivumelana nemvelo, ngoba ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezihlaza, ezigaywa kabusha ezigaywe kabusha kuwumgomo wethu ofanayo..Ukuvikela umhlaba kuwumsebenzi wethu njalo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-15-2023
