Masana'antar takardu ta Turai na fuskantar matsalar makamashi
Tun daga rabin shekarar 2021, musamman tun daga shekarar 2022, hauhawar farashin kayan aiki da makamashi ya sanya masana'antar takarda ta Turai cikin mawuyacin hali, wanda hakan ya kara ta'azzara rufe wasu ƙananan masana'antun sarrafa takarda da na'urorin sarrafa su a Turai. Bugu da ƙari, hauhawar farashin takarda ya kuma yi tasiri sosai ga bugu, marufi da sauran masana'antu.
Rikicin da ke tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine ya kara ta'azzara matsalar makamashi ta kamfanonin takarda na Turai
Tun lokacin da rikicin da ke tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine ya barke a farkon shekarar 2022, manyan kamfanonin takarda da dama a Turai sun sanar da janyewarsu daga Rasha. A yayin da suke shirin janyewa daga Rasha, kamfanin ya kuma kashe kudade masu yawa kamar ma'aikata, albarkatun kasa da albarkatun kudi, wanda hakan ya karya tsarin dabarun kamfanin na asali. Tare da tabarbarewar dangantakar Rasha da Turai, mai samar da iskar gas na Rasha Gazprom ya yanke shawarar rage yawan iskar gas da ake samarwa a nahiyar Turai ta hanyar bututun Nord Stream 1. Kamfanonin masana'antu a kasashen Turai da dama za su iya daukar matakai daban-daban ne kawai, hanyoyin rage amfani da iskar gas.
Tun bayan barkewar rikicin Ukraine, bututun iskar gas na "North Stream", wanda shine babban hanyar samar da makamashi ta Turai, ya jawo hankali. Kwanan nan, layukan bututun iskar gas guda uku na Nord Stream sun fuskanci lalacewar "ba a taba ganin irinta ba" a lokaci guda. Barnar ba ta taba faruwa ba. Ba zai yiwu a dawo da samar da iskar gas ba. An yi hasashen cewa, masana'antar takarda ta Turai ma ta shafi matsalar makamashi da ta haifar. Dakatar da samarwa na ɗan lokaci, rage samarwa ko sauya hanyoyin samar da makamashi sun zama matakan da suka zama ruwan dare ga kamfanonin takarda na Turai.
A cewar Rahoton Masana'antar Takardu ta Turai na 2021 da Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Takardu ta Turai (CEPI) ta fitar, manyan ƙasashen Turai da ke samar da takarda da kwali sune Jamus, Italiya, Sweden da Finland, waɗanda daga cikinsu Jamus ce ke kan gaba wajen samar da takarda da kwali a Turai. Sun kai kashi 25.5% a Turai, Italiya kuma kashi 10.6%, Sweden da Finland kuma kashi 9.9% da 9.6% bi da bi, kuma fitar da wasu ƙasashe ba ta da yawa. An ruwaito cewa domin tabbatar da samar da makamashi a muhimman fannoni, gwamnatin Jamus tana la'akari da ɗaukar matakai masu tsauri don rage samar da makamashi a wasu yankuna, wanda hakan ka iya haifar da rufe masana'antu a masana'antu da dama, ciki har da sinadarai, aluminum da takarda. Rasha ita ce babbar mai samar da makamashi ga ƙasashen Turai, ciki har da Jamus. Kashi 40% na iskar gas ta EU da kashi 27% na man da ake shigowa da shi daga ƙasashen waje Rasha ce ke samar da shi, kuma kashi 55% na iskar gas ta Jamus ta fito ne daga Rasha. Saboda haka, domin magance matsalar samar da iskar gas ta Rasha. Rashin isassun matsaloli, Jamus ta sanar da ƙaddamar da "shirin iskar gas na gaggawa", wanda za a aiwatar a matakai uku, yayin da sauran ƙasashen Turai suma suka ɗauki matakan mayar da martani, amma har yanzu ba a fayyace tasirin ba.
Kamfanoni da dama na takarda sun dakatar da samarwa tare da dakatar da samarwa domin magance rashin isasshen makamashi
Matsalar makamashi na ci gaba da addabar kamfanonin takarda na Turai. Misali, saboda matsalar samar da iskar gas, a ranar 3 ga Agusta, 2022, Feldmuehle, wani mai kera takardu na musamman na Jamus, ya sanar da cewa daga kwata na huɗu na 2022, za a sauya babban man fetur daga iskar gas zuwa man dumama mai sauƙi. Dangane da wannan batu, Feldmuehle ya ce a halin yanzu, akwai ƙarancin iskar gas da sauran hanyoyin samar da makamashi kuma farashin ya tashi sosai. Sauya zuwa mai dumama mai sauƙi zai tabbatar da ci gaba da aiki da kamfanin da kuma inganta gasa. Masu hannun jari na musamman za su ɗauki nauyin jarin EUR miliyan 2.6 da ake buƙata don shirin. Duk da haka, kamfanin yana da ƙarfin samar da tan 250,000 kawai a shekara. Idan ana buƙatar irin wannan sauyi don babban injin yin takarda, za a iya tunanin babban jarin da zai haifar.
Bugu da ƙari, Norske Skog, ƙungiyar mawallafa da takardu ta ƙasar Norway, ta ɗauki mataki mai tsauri a masana'antar Bruck da ke Austria tun daga watan Maris na 2022 kuma ta rufe masana'antar na ɗan lokaci. Kamfanin ya kuma ce sabon injinan, wanda aka shirya fara aiki a watan Afrilu, ana sa ran zai taimaka wajen rage matsalar ta hanyar rage yawan amfani da iskar gas da kuma inganta samar da makamashi. "Babban canjin yanayi" kuma zai iya haifar da ci gaba da rufe masana'antar Norske Skog na ɗan lokaci.
Kamfanin Smurfit Kappa na Turai mai yin kwali shi ma ya zaɓi rage yawan samarwa da kimanin tan 30,000-50,000 a watan Agusta na 2022. Kamfanin ya bayyana a cikin wata sanarwa: Ganin hauhawar farashin makamashi a nahiyar Turai, kamfanin ba ya buƙatar adana wani kaya, kuma rage yawan samarwa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-12-2022
