• Xov xwm chij

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev uas cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ntim khoom lag luam wholesale rau cov thawv cupcake kev cai lag luam wholesale

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev uas cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ntim khoom lag luam wholesale rau cov thawv cupcake kev cai lag luam wholesale

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev feem ntau yog hais txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom rau nws cov duab thaum lub sijhawm nws lub neej. Lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv lub cev ntawm cov ntim khoom kev cai cupcake thawv lag luam wholesale yog siv qee txoj kev siv tshuab los tiv thaiv kev txav mus los ntawm cov khoom kom zoo thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm, khaws cia thiab thauj mus los, kom cov khoom tuaj yeem mus txog lawv qhov chaw tau zoo lossis ua tiav kev siv lub luag haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam cov khoom siv lub cev thiab lub tshuab ntawm cov khoom, tau txais cov kev cai tiv thaiv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig thiab kev puas tsuaj ua ntej siv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis rau kev ntim khoom lag luam wholesale ntawm cov thawv cupcake. Ntim cov khoom.

Lub hom phiaj thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom suav nrog peb yam: d los tsim cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntim khoom uas tsom mus rau thiab ua tau; @ kom ua tiav cov qauv ntim khoom, yog li cov khoom uas muaj cov khoom zoo ib yam siv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntim khoom tib yam; kev sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom, txo cov haujlwm ntim khoom thiab cov nqi tuav, txo cov ntim khoom thiab cov nqi thauj mus los. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus, xws li cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm cov khoom, cov khoom txheem, cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab lwm yam.

1. cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom lag luam wholesale ntawm cov thawv cupcake customized

Lub thawv ncuav mog qab zib dawb qauv, xa khoom sai

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke yog cov yam ntxwv ntuj ntawm cov khoom, thiab tus tsim qauv ntim khoom yuav tsum xub xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Cov khoom sib txawv hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig sab nraud nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg, huab cua lossis kab mob, lub tshuab puas tsuaj txawv, thiab kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom ntim khoom los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig sab nraud kuj txawv. Tib lub sijhawm, ntau yam khoom siv ua rau nws nyuaj rau xaiv cov khoom ntxuav, cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv, cov ntaub ntawv ntim sab hauv, cov ntaub ntawv cushioning thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntim sab nraud.

Yog li ntawd, cov neeg tsim qauv ntim khoom yuav tsum paub txog kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv uas siv ntau thiab siv cov kev paub txog kev xav no rau kev tsim qauv ntim khoom.

2. Cov thawv ntim khoom qab zib lag luam wholesale Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom.

Lub thawv ncuav mog qab zib qauv dawb, lub sijhawm ua khoom sai, Shipping dawb

Paub txog cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm cov khoom, tsim cov ntim khoom kom ua tau raws li cov kev cai tiv thaiv khoom thiab qee qhov kev thov tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom yooj yim ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem muab faib ua kev rhiab heev ntawm tshuaj lom neeg, kev rhiab heev ntawm lub cev, kev rhiab heev rau kev tiv thaiv, kev sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv, cov khoom siv qauv, qhov loj me thiab zoo, kev tshem tawm, hom khoom thauj, tus nqi khoom thiab lwm yam. 1, Kev rhiab heev ntawm lub cev rau kev poob siab, kev co thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam sab nraud Kev sib txhuam tuaj yeem ua rau puas tsuaj rau lub cev lossis ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm lub ntim khoom, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov khoom feem ntau yog hais txog kev poob siab, kev co thiab lwm yam.

Kev puas tsuaj, thaj chaw hluav taws xob, thaj chaw electromagnetic, thaj chaw electrostatic thiab lwm yam teb sab nraud tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj.

(1)Qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv nruj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom tiav, qhov chaw tsis muaj dej, qhov chaw iav optical

(2)Kev co thiab kev co los ntawm qhov pom ntawm lub shock absorber

Kev tiv thaiv,Kev cai cupcake thawv lag luam wholesaleCov neeg tsim qauv ntim khoom yuav tsum nkag siab tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, suav nrog cov duab, qhov loj me thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, qhov hnyav thiab inertia hais txog qhov peb-seem axis, kev thauj mus los, qhov chaw siab, cov ntsiab lus txuas thiab qhov chaw tsa, tus nqi fragility, zaus ntuj, thiab lwm yam.

Tus nqi fragility, tseem hu ua brittleness, yog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws uas cov khoom tuaj yeem tiv taus yam tsis ua rau lub cev lossis kev puas tsuaj thiab feem ntau yog qhia ua ntau yam ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, G. Tus nqi fragility kuj tseem hu ua brittleness. Rooj 2-1 hauv Asmeskas tus qauv tub rog MIL HDBK 304 qhia txog tus nqi fragility ntawm cov khoom.

Qhov siab dua ntawm cov khoom tus nqi brittleness, qhov ntau dua nws lub peev xwm los tiv taus cov zog sab nraud, uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim. Tus nqi brittleness tso cai [G yog tus nqi acceleration tso cai ntawm cov khoom, teev tseg raws li cov yam ntxwv xws li tus nqi, lub zog thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom, uas yog tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau tus nqi brittleness txheem. Thaum tsim cov ntim khoom nqus kev co, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom acceleration yuav tsum tsawg dua tus nqi fragility tso cai.

(3)Qhov muaj zog ntawm lub tshav pob sab nraud tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb, thiab txawm tias muaj xwm txheej loj heev.

Rau qhov tshwj xeebcov khoom lag luam xws li cov khoom phom sij, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob precision thiab lwm yam khoom siv high-tech, cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov ntim khoom lag luam wholesale rau cov thawv cupcake customized yuav tsum nkag siab tag nrho lawv qhov kev nkag siab rau lub zog sab nraud thiab ua cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv zoo rau cov ntim khoom.

3. lub zog thiab kev tsis muaj zog

Lub thawv ncuav mog qab zib qauv dawb, lub sijhawm ua khoom sai, Shipping dawb

Lub zog yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom kom tiv taus kev hloov pauv lossis kev tawg ntau dhau. Lub zog thiab kev yooj yim ntawm cov khoom txiav txim siab qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab qib kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntim khoom. Hais txog lub zog thiab kev yooj yim, cov khoom tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: cov khoom yooj yim tawg, cov khoom raug thiab cov khoom tiv taus, thiab cov khoom tiv taus tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom yooj ywm thiab cov khoom tiv taus tawv. Cov khoom yooj yim tawg thiab raug yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub zog poob siab.

Kev sib xws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom lag luam, thiab kev sib xws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom sib txawv, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntim khoom.

Cov khoom sib xws Ntau lub ntim khoom cov ntaub ntawv (xws li cov ntaub ntawv cushioning) nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov khoom, thiab cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum sib xws kom tsis txhob muaj cov teebmeem lub cev uas cawv feem ntau muaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov ntaub ntawv cushioning tsim hluav taws xob static thaum raug kev poob siab thiab kev co, lossis thaumkho kom haum cov thawv cupcakeraug ntim ntau kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib txhuam nrog cov khoom siv hlau. Thaum cov nqi hluav taws xob electrostatic no nce mus txog qee qhov, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob thiab kuj tseem yuav nyiam cov hmoov av lossis lwm yam khoom.

4. cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv thiab cov ntsiab lus disassembly txiav txim siab seb cov khoom raug kho thiab txhawb nqa li cas, nrog rau hom thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov cushions hauv lub thawv ntim khoom.

Lub thawv ncuav mog qab zib dawb qauv, xa khoom sai

Cov khoom uas nkhaus thiab cov ces kaum ntse ntawm cov khoom xav tau kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, thiab lawv qhov loj me, qhov hnyav thiab kev faib tawm, qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, thiab lwm yam tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv thiab tsim lub thawv ntim khoom lag luam wholesale rau cov thawv cupcake tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev tiv thaiv cov ntim khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau kom yooj yim rau kev ntim khoom, kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los, qee zaum nws yuav tsum tau cais cov khoom rau kev ntim khoom. thiab kev thauj mus los. Kev koom tes thiab kev sib koom tes ze ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg tsim khoom ntim khoom lag luam wholesale rau cov thawv cupcake customized pab daws cov teeb meem no. Ua ntej tsim cov ntim khoom rau cov khoom txawb, cov neeg tsim khoom ntim khoom yuav tsum paub seb qhov chaw uas cov khoom yuav raug siv puas muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, khoom siv thiab lub peev xwm kev txawj ntse rau kev sib dhos ntau lawm.

5. Thauj khoom hom thawv cupcake lag luam wholesale

Hom khoom thauj khoom yog hais txog kev faib cov khoom thauj khoom ntawm cov khoom ntim, uas yog tsim thaum cov khoom ntim. Raws li hom khoom thauj, cov khoom muaj peb pawg: yooj yim thauj, nyuaj thauj thiab nruab nrab thauj. Cov khoom yooj yim thauj hu ua cov khoom yooj yim thauj. Lawv muaj kev faib cov khoom sib npaug, qhov loj me thiab yooj yim ntim. Feem ntau, sab hauv, sab nraud thiab pallet ntim siv. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm cov khoom ntim yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw geometric ntawm lub thawv ntim. Cov khoom nyuaj thauj hu ua cov khoom nyuaj thauj yog tias qhov kev faib cov khoom ceev tsis sib npaug, thiab cov khoom uas muaj qhov loj me tsis sib xws tsis tuaj yeem sau tag nrho lub thawv ntim lossis tsis muaj qhov chaw txhawb nqa hauv lub thawv ntim. Yog tias kev txhawb nqa tshwj xeeb thiab kev teeb tsa thev naus laus zis tsis siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom ntim, kev ntxhov siab tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum thauj, tshem tawm thiab thauj mus los, uas tuaj yeem ua puas rau cov khoom ntim. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm cov khoom uas nyuaj thauj tom qab ntim feem ntau tsis nyob hauv qhov chaw geometric ntawm lub thawv ntim, thiab lub thawv ntim yuav tsum tau cim nrog lub cim hauv paus ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thaum khaws cia thiab thauj mus los raws li cov cai kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thauj, tshem tawm thiab tuav. Cov khoom hnyav nruab nrab yog cov khoom yooj yim thauj khoom thiab cov khoom nyuaj thauj khoom, xws li cov kaus poom thiab cov dej haus fwj.

6. Tus nqi khoom rau cov thawv cupcake lag luam wholesale

Pob tshab me me me kev cai ntawv ncuav mog qab zib ntim lub thawv bakery nrog logo

Tus nqi khoom yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov neeg tsim khoom ntim khoom yuav tsum xav txog. Ntawm ib sab tes, cov neeg tsim khoom ntim khoom yuav tsum siv tus nqi ntim khoom qis tshaj plaws kom ua tau raws li cov kev cai tiv thaiv khoom; ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias ib qho khoom tseem ceeb lossis cov khoom tseem ceeb raug puas tsuaj, nws yuav ua rau cov khoom poob ntau dua, thiab tus nqi khoom yuav tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lawm.... Nyeem ntxiv

Cov khoom txheem thiab cov khoom lag luam raws li tus qauv ntawm Yuav kom ua kom cov ntim khoom raws li tus qauv siab tshaj plaws, cov khoom lag luam yuav tsum tau muab faib ua pawg raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev. Cov khoom lag luam uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj zoo ib yam li cov khoom lag luam uas tau muab faib ua pawg hu ua cov khoom txheem, thiab cov khoom lag luam tshiab no feem ntau raug ntim raws li cov txheej txheem ntim khoom uas twb muaj lawm. Cov khoom lag luam uas tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj zoo ib yam li cov khoom lag luam uas tau muab faib ua pawg hu ua cov khoom lag luam raws li tus qauv, thiab cov khoom lag luam no yuav tsum tau ntim ua ntej ntim, thiab yuav tsum muab cov duab kos thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom kom ntxaws.

Cov khoom lag luam wholesale customized tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom tshwj xeeb feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom phom sij thiab cov khoom microelectronic

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1. cov khoom txaus ntshai

Cov khoom uas tawg, kub hnyiab, lom, muaj radioactive, thiab lwm yam, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj xwm txheej thiab puas tsuaj rau khoom thaum thauj mus los, thauj khoom, tshem tawm thiab khaws cia, thiab xav tau kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, hu ua cov khoom txaus ntshai. Tus qauv hauv tebchaws CB6944 "Kev Faib Tawm thiab Sau Npe ntawm Cov Khoom Txaus Ntshai" faib cov khoom txaus ntshai ua cuaj pawg.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntim khoom Cov khoom txaus ntshai yog los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj uas yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom, tshem tawm, thauj mus los, khaws cia thiab siv cov khoom txaus ntshai. Qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom txaus ntshai nws tus kheej thiab ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv sab nraud ntawm ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, hmoov phom muaj ntau yam tshuaj, qee yam uas ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj. Qee qhov rhiab heev rau kev poob siab, qee qhov rau kev sib txhuam, thiab qee qhov rau lub teeb, cua sov, hluav taws xob static, thiab lwm yam. Thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom, tshem tawm, thauj mus los thiab khaws cia, ntau yam kev pheej hmoo yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov yam ntxwv ib puag ncig, uas ua rau muaj teeb meem loj hauv kev ntim cov khoom txaus ntshai. Ntau hom mos txwv, hmoov phom thiab pyrotechnics hauv kev lag luam tiv thaiv yog cov khoom txaus ntshai uas yooj yim hlawv thiab tawg. Cov ntim khoom no yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog lav qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias khaws cia tau ntev, hloov pauv tau yooj yim thiab yooj yim siv cov khoom. Kev ntim khoom rau kev xa tawm cov khoom phom sij yuav tsum ua raws li "Cov Cai rau Kev Thauj Khoom Phom Sij Thoob Ntiaj Teb los ntawm Hiav Txwv" uas tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Maritime Thoob Ntiaj Teb.

Kev khaws cia.

2. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob loj, cov laug cam sib xyaw ua ke thiab qee yam khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab hluav taws xob. Lawv tsis yog tsuas yog rhiab rau cov dej noo thiab xeb xwb, tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau kev poob siab thiab kev co. Lawv kuj tseem rhiab heev rau cov kev cuam tshuam sab nraud. Kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog lub zog ntawm lub zog. Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov teb hluav taws xob, cov teb hluav taws xob electrostatic thiab cov teb hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom no. Kev tiv thaiv cov khoom yog ib qho kev ntsuas tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab lub neej ntev ntawm tag nrho cov cuab yeej, thiab kev tiv thaiv no yuav tsum ua tiav thiab txhim khu kev qha. Thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem khoom, los ntawm cov khoom mus rau kev sib dhos mus rau hauv cov khoom lossis qhov chaw thiab kev sib dhos ntawm cov khoom mus rau hauv cov khoom, txhua qhov kev tsis saib xyuas hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub ntim khoom tuaj yeem muaj qhov tshwm sim loj heev thiab ua rau muaj kev poob loj heev.

Qhov kev rhiab heev ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv ntau yog qhia nyob rau hauv Rooj 2-3. Kev rhiab heev rau hluav taws xob static yog hais txog qib uas cov khoom raug puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob static. Qhov dav ntawm qhov txaus ntshai electrostatic, lossis qhov hnyav ntawm kev puas tsuaj electrostatic, nyob ntawm qib ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm static (electrostatic voltage) thiab qhov kev cuam tshuam electrostatic ntawm cov khoom rau kev tso tawm electrostatic. Qhov siab dua ntawm electrostatic voltage, qhov kev puas tsuaj ntau dua. Qhov siab dua ntawm electrostatic susceptibility ntawm cov khoom, qhov ntau dua ntawm nws qhov kev cuam tshuam rau electrostatic puas tsuaj.

Ib yam khoom ntim khoom tsuas yog hloov nws cov khoom siv thaum lub sijhawm ncig, yam tsis tsim cov tshuaj tshiab. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ceev, xim, ci, tsw, laus, sublimation, volatilization, decomposition, melting point, boiling energy, plasticity, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, optical properties, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem ntsuas tau. Tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem ntsuas los ntawm tib neeg lub siab xws li tus nplaig, tus nplaig thiab lub cev, lossis los ntawm cov cuab yeej sim. Ua ntej thiab tom qab kev hloov pauv lub cev rau cov khoom ntim khoom, hom thiab xwm ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom tsis tau txiav txim siab. Ntawm no, peb feem ntau nthuav qhia peb-lub xeev kev hloov pauv ntawm cov thawv cupcake lag luam wholesale customized, infiltration thiab seepage, thermal conductivity thiab mechanization ntawm cov cua sov txuas, kev hloov pauv ntawm electromagnetic thiab optical properties, nrog rau kev hloov pauv mechanical (forces), thiab lwm yam.

Qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom yaj yog txuas nrog hygroscopicity, dej solubility thiab hygroscopic point. Hygroscopicity sawv cev rau lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom los nqus thiab tso cov dej noo, uas cuam tshuam rau nws cov khoom siv lub cev, xws li cov khoom thaiv dej, cov khoom curling thiab cov npuas tsim. Dej solubility sawv cev rau cov khoom ntawm pwm kom yaj hauv dej nqus thiab ua kua. Lub hygroscopic point qhia txog tus nqi av noo uas cov khoom pib nqus cov dej noo nyob rau hauv qee qhov kub thiab txias thiab siab. Yog tias lub siab tsis hloov pauv, thaum qhov kub thiab txias nce siab, lub hygroscopic point maj mam txo qis, ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov khoom kom nqus cov dej noo thiab yaj. Txawm hais tias qee cov khoom, xws li potassium sulfate, potassium perchlorate, thiab lwm yam, muaj cov dej solubility zoo heev, lawv cov khoom nqus tsis muaj zog heev, yog li lawv tsis yooj yim yaj nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib txwm muaj. Kuj tseem muaj qee cov khoom, xws li tawv, ntawv, paj rwb, daim txhuam cev, kua nplaum cib, thiab lwm yam, uas, txawm tias muaj hygroscopicity siab, tsis yaj hauv dej thiab yog li ntawd tsis yaj. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog thaum cov khoom muaj hygroscopicity siab thiab solubility dej zoo uas nws tuaj yeem maj mam yaj rau hauv qhov chaw noo noo thiab thaum kawg yaj tag nrho hauv cov kua. Qhov av noo ntawm huab cua muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb heev rau qib yaj ntawm cov khoom. Yog tias qhov av noo qis dhau, txawm tias cov khoom yooj yim yaj nrog hygroscopicity siab thiab cov khoom da dej tsis yooj yim yaj, thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov av noo qis heev, xws li cov suab puam qhuav, tsis pub cov khoom yaj.


Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Cuaj hlis-12-2023