Mapangidwe a phukusi lazogulitsa,zinthu zopangira makeke
Chidziwitso choyambirira cha kapangidwe kazinthu zogulitsa
1. Lingaliro la malonda ogulitsa ndi ntchito yake,zinthu zopangira makeke
Kugulitsa katundu,zinthu zopangira makeke,omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma CD ang'onoang'ono, kusungirako malonda, ndi kabokosi kakang'ono kamene kamagulitsidwa kwa ogula ndi zinthu pofuna kugulitsa.Lili ndi ntchito zotsatirazi: ntchito yozindikiritsa, ntchito yabwino, ntchito yokongoletsera, kulingalira ndi kuyanjana.Zomwe zili pakupanga zopangira zogulitsa ndi kapangidwe kazokongoletsera ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, zokongoletsera zamapaketi zimatanthawuza kukongoletsa ndi kukongoletsa kwazinthu zogulitsa katundu.Mawonekedwe, mtundu, zolemba, zomangira, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, mtundu ndi zinthu zina zapaketiyo zimapanga zojambulajambula, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pofalitsa zidziwitso zamalonda, kulimbikitsa zinthu, kukongoletsa zinthu, kuwonetsa mawonekedwe azinthu, kulimbikitsa malonda ndikuthandizira kugulitsa.Zopangira makeke ndiKugulitsa ndi kukongoletsa ndikutsatsa komwe kumatha kuwonedwa kulikonse pamsika, ndi chida chofotokozera mwachindunji msika womwe ulipo komanso msika womwe ungakhalepo, ndi chida champhamvu chothandizira kupikisana kwazinthu, ndipo ndi njira yodziwika bwino yolimbikitsira malonda. .Zotsatira zazinthu zopangira makekemalonda opambana pakukweza malonda ndi kukweza mitengo mosakayikira ndi yayikulu.
Zofunikira pakupanga kapangidwe kazogulitsa ndi: kukwaniritsa zofunikira pamiyezo ndi malamulo adzikozazinthu zopangira makeke;Idzachitidwa molingana ndi zomwe zili mkati ndi zofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwa mu ntchito ya polojekiti kapena mgwirizano;Zomwe zilimo zimagwirizana ndi zida zoyikamo;Ganizirani mokwanira za phindu la chikhalidwe ndi zachuma ndikuchepetsa mtengo wolongedza momwe mungathere;Kubwezeretsanso zinthu zoyikapo, zotengera kapena kutaya zinyalala kuyenera kuganiziridwa;Kukhazikika, mphamvu, zolimba ndi chitetezo ndi ukhondo zofunika za ma CD ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa;Ziyenera kukhala zothandiza pakuyika, kuwonetsa, kunyamula, kutsegula, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito: mawonekedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa chiganizo ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zikugwirizana ndi kukhazikika komanso kutsatiridwa.mongazinthu zopangira makeke, kuti atsogolere zoyendera ndi kulongedza katundu;Zotsatira zake za alumali ndi ntchito yotumizira zidziwitso ziyenera kuganiziridwa bwino;Zofunikira zaukadaulo mu dongosolo lamapangidwe ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi njira zoyesera.
2. Mfundo za mapangidwe ndi mapangidwe apangidwe Kuti muwonjezere ntchito ya mankhwalazinthu zopangira makekekulongedza ndi kupereka masewero athunthu ku zotsatira za ma CD pa malonda, kapangidwe kazinthu kazinthu ziyenera kutsatira mfundo izi:
(1) Zogulitsa zasayansi ndi chitetezondizinthu zopangira makekekamangidwe kayenera kutengera mawonekedwe a zomwe zili mkati ndi kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chofunikira komanso zomwe zimafunikira pakugulitsa, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi zina mwazosankha zomveka zopangira ma CD.Mwasayansi kudziwazinthu zopangira makekema CD kapangidwe ndi chitetezo njira, ntchito zapamwambazinthu zopangira makekema CD luso ndi luso, kotero kuti dongosolo lonse lazinthu zopangira makekekulongedza katundu kumakhala ndi kulingalira kwakukulu komanso mphamvu zokwanira, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti (2) kuyika kwachuma kumagwirizana kwambiri ndizinthu zopangira makekendalama zogulitsa ndi ndalama zozungulira.Kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha katundu ali mu ntchito zofunika ndi ma CD, ndi kukwaniritsa bwino pakati pa zosiyanasiyana.zinthu zopangira makekentchito zonyamula.Pansi pazimenezi, kapangidwe ka ma CD amayenera kusankha zida zopangira zotsika mtengo, poganizira kuti sizikhudza mtundu wa ma CD, kapangidwe kazonyamula ziyenera kusankha mtengo wololera.zinthu zopangira makekezida zonyamula, pamalingaliro osakhudza mtundu wa ma CD, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachuma komanso zosavuta zochepetsera mtengo wazinthu, kuti achepetse mtengo wa katundu, poganizira kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamphamvu, ayenera kusankha kulemera kopepuka. zida zonyamula, Chepetsani kulemera kwapang'onopang'ono momwe mungathere, chepetsani kuchuluka kwa ma CD, kwaniritsani kukhazikika kwazomwe mumayika, ndikuchepetsa kufalikira
3) Kusavuta kuyenera kutengera zofunikira zazinthu zopangira makekekupanga, kugulitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, kuti athe kuwongolera opanga kuti akwaniritse mosalekeza komanso makinazinthu zopangira makekekulongedza katundu, kuthandizira ogulitsa kuwonetsa ndi kugulitsa, ndikuthandizira ogula kugwiritsa ntchito, kunyamula, kutsegula ndi kutseka.Pa nthawi yomweyo, malingana ndi mtengo.Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimapakidwa ndi kuchuluka kwake, mphamvu ndi mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo zinthu zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira.zinthu zopangira makekekuyika.(4) Kupanga kwazinthu zatsopano zogulitsa katundu kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa za chitukuko ndi kusintha kwa msika ndi The Times, kusinthika kosalekeza, kotero kuti kuyika kwazinthuzo ndikwapadera komanso kwatsopano, komanso kuyika zinthu zina zofananira kumakhala ndi kusiyana kosiyana, kuti apititse patsogolo mpikisano wamsika wazinthu
(5) Kukwezeleza zokongoletsa kuyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe, kukwaniritsa zosowa zamaganizidwe a ogula, kulimbikitsa luso lothandizira kuti zinthu zizikhala pamsika ndikukulitsa malonda.Ogula ndi maganizo kukongola kwa katundu, kotero kutizinthu zopangira makekekulongedza ndi kukongoletsa kumatha kuthandizira psychology ya ogula ndikulimbikitsa kugulitsazinthu zopangira makekemankhwala
(6) Ukhondo uyenera kukhala ndi gawo lapadera pakugulitsa ma CD a chakudya, zodzoladzola, mankhwala, mankhwala azaumoyo ndi zinthu zina.Samalani za thanzi ndi chitetezo zofunika mmatumba katundu, mbali imodzi, chofunika kutizinthu zopangira makekema CD akhoza kudzipatula kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zauve, makamaka kuipitsidwa kwa tizilombo, tizirombo ndi mbewa;Kumbali inayi, zotengerazo siziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zapoizoni ndi mankhwala ovulaza Kusintha.
(7) Kuteteza chilengedwe pakupanga kwazinthu zopangira makekema CD, tiyenera kuganizira zofunikira za chitetezo cha chilengedwe, kuonjezera kuzindikira kwa palibe kuipitsa ndi kuzindikira chilengedwe, azolowere msika wa dziko chifukwa mfundo zatsopano ndi malamulo atsopano pa ma CD zipangizo ndi ma CD zinyalala chifukwa cha mpikisano watsopano, mwamphamvu kukhala zinyalala zochepa. , ikhoza kusinthidwanso kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, yosavuta kukonzanso kapena kudziwonongera yokha ya ma CD obiriwira.Pa nthawi yomweyo, mu malondazinthu zopangira makekekamangidwe ka ma CD kuyeneranso kulabadira kukulitsa koyenera kwa ma CD omwe amapulumutsa zinthu.
Kuchuluka kwa malondazinthu zopangira makekekamangidwe ka ma CD kumaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu: kamangidwe ka chidebe;Kamangidwe kamangidwe;Kukongoletsa kamangidwe.
Magawo atatuwa amalumikizana ndikuwoloka wina ndi mzake, ndipo sangathe kulekanitsidwa kwathunthu.
Mfundo yaikulu ya malondazinthu zopangira makekekapangidwe kazonyamula ndi: "sayansi, zachuma, zolimba, zokongola, zogulitsa".Mfundoyi imayikidwa patsogolo mozungulira ntchito yoyambira, ndipo ndiyofunikanso pakupanga kamangidwe kazogulitsa.Pansi pa mfundoyi, monga kuganizira ntchito yolankhulirana ndi ntchito yopititsa patsogolo mapangidwe a phukusi, iyeneranso kukwaniritsa zofunikira zinayi zotsatirazi: zosavuta kuzindikira;Gwirani diso;Khalani ndi kumverera kwabwino, moyenera.Zinthu zinayi zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizofunikira kulimbikitsa kugulitsa katundu, ndipo zimaletsana ndikugwirizanitsa mgwirizano pakati pa zinayi, zomwe ndi chinsinsi cha kugulitsa katundu.zinthu zopangira makekekapangidwe kazinthu.
Chinthu chachikulu cha ntchito yazinthu zopangira makekekamangidwe kazinthu ndikugulitsa kwazinthu, komwe kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukweza mtengo wazinthu komanso kupikisana kukulitsa msika ndikuwonjezera malonda.Ndi chitukuko cha chuma, kulongedza ndi kukongoletsa mapangidwe apangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zoyambirira zowonjezera kuti zikhale ndi mtengo wofanana ndi mankhwala, ndipo nthawi zina ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa mankhwala.
Kapangidwe kazokongoletsa pamapaketi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ukadaulo wapawiri komanso wothandiza.Zochita ndizoyamba, ndipo luso lazojambula limakhala muzochita, zomwe ndizofala kwambiri pazaluso.Kupaka ndi kukongoletsa kamangidwe kolimbikitsa kugulitsa zinthu monga cholinga chachikulu paubwenzi pakati pa luso ndi zochitika pali mawonekedwe ena apadera.Nthawi yomweyo,zinthu zopangira makekekapangidwe ka zokongoletsera zamapaketi alinso ndi zaluso komanso zamalonda;Zaluso ndi zasayansi;Luso ndi magwiridwe antchito;Makhalidwe a luso komanso nthawi yake.
3. Kuyika kwa mapangidwe
Kukonzekera kwapangidwe ndi njira yogwirizana kwambiri ndi lingaliro la mapangidwe, lomwe limatsindika zoyenera, cholinga ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe, ndikukhazikitsa mfundo zazikulu ndi malangizo a lingaliro ndi ntchito.Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudza mapangidwe.Ngakhale si lingaliro lokha, ndilofunika kwambiri monga maziko ndi maziko a lingaliro la mapangidwe.
Kufunika kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe apangidwe ndikugogomezera makhalidwe awo omwe ali apamwamba kuposa zinthu zina, kuwunikira zinthu zofunika zomwe ena sanaziganizirepo muzolemba zawo, ndikukhazikitsa mutu ndi cholinga cha mapangidwe.Kuyika kwa mapangidwe kungagawidwe m'magawo awiri:
(1) Kusonkhanitsa deta Kusonkhanitsa deta ndi gawo lokonzekera poyika mapangidwe.M'madera amakono, ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri poyerekeza mpikisano wamsika ndi "nkhondo yamalonda".Kuti tipambane pankhondo, kudzidziwa wekha ndi mdani ndiye chikhalidwe choyamba.Kuyika ndi zokongoletsera mumpikisano wamsika makamaka amakumana ndi zovuta ziwiri: imodzi ndi kusankha kwa ogula, chachiwiri ndi mpikisano wazinthu zofanana.Ndilo maziko a mapangidwe kuti amvetsetse momwe zinthu zilili pakupanga chinthu chopikisana.Cholinga cha kusonkhanitsa zambiri ndi kudziwa munthu wina.Izi ndi
Kupanga malo ndi ntchito yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa.Kusonkhanitsa deta kuyenera kuchitidwa kuchokera kuzinthu ziwiri za chinthu chojambula ndi chinthu champikisano nthawi imodzi, ndipo zomwe zili zenizeni zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: malonda a msika, malonda, ma CD ndi zokongoletsera.
Kutsatsa kumaphatikizapo: zinthu zogwiritsira ntchito;Chiyanjano chopereka ndi kufuna;Machitidwe pamsika;Malo ogulitsa ndi nyengo;kugulitsa
Njira.
Zopangira makeke pnjira zikuphatikizapo: mtundu ndi kalasi;Makhalidwe ndi ntchito;Ubwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo, kuzungulira kwa moyo, zida, njira ndi matekinoloje;Mtengo ndi phindu.
3 Packaging zokongoletsera zikuphatikizapo:zinthu zopangira makekezida zonyamula, ukadaulo ndi ukadaulo, mawonekedwe oyika ndi mawonekedwe, njira zofotokozera ndi mawonekedwe;Pakuyika mtengo;Pali mavuto.
Zambiri zamalonda ndi malonda zitha kumveka ndikupezedwa kuchokera kwa wopanga yemwe wapatsidwa, ndipo zambiri zamapangidwe ndi zokongoletsera ziyenera kutenga nawo gawo pazofufuza ndi kafukufuku wa wopanga.Kusonkhanitsa deta kuyenera kukhala kokwanira komanso kolondola monga momwe kungathekere, zomwe zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi chisankho cha mapangidwe apangidwe ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapangidwe apangidwe.
(2) Kuyika chisankho Kuyika chisankho ndikutolera zidziwitso zonse, kuzungulira zinthu zofunika pakugulitsa kwapaketi yopangira kusanthula kofananira kwa chinthu ndi chinthu, ndiyeno pamaziko a kulimbikitsa mphamvu ndikupewa zofooka pamaziko a kuwunika, ndipo pomaliza pake. kuzindikira zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa
Ndipo sonyezani chiyani.Zinthu zitatu zofunika pakuyika kamangidwe ndi mtundu, malonda ndi ogula.Zinthu zitatuzi ziyenera kuwonetsedwa pazogulitsazinthu zopangira makekema CD mapangidwe okhutira, vuto ndiloti chinthu chilichonse chofunikira chimakhala ndi zambiri zomwe zili ndi chidziwitso chochuluka, mapangidwe apangidwe ndi kumveketsa ubale wapachiyambi ndi wachiwiri, kukhazikitsa mutu wa mapangidwe ndi kuyang'ana.
Pamaziko a kuyika kwazinthu, kuyika kwamtundu komanso kuyika kwa ogula, kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana kumatha kuchitidwanso motengera momwe zinthu zilili komanso msika, ndiye kuti, mutu wamapangidwewo uli ndi zinthu zambiri nthawi imodzi.Mwachitsanzo, malonda ndi mtundu,zinthu zopangira makekekatundu ndi ogula, zopangidwa ndi ogula, etc. Ziribe kanthu mtundu wa mapangidwe mapangidwe anatengera, chinsinsi ndi kukhazikitsa cholinga cha ntchito.Palibe kuyang'ana, kofanana ndi zomwe zili;Kugogomezera kwambiri ndikofanana ndi kusayang'ana, ndipo zonsezi zimataya tanthauzo la malo opangira.
Zomwe zili pakupanga zopangira zogulitsa Zomwe zili muzogulitsa zogulitsa ndikupangira ma modelling, malembedwe, mapangidwe amitundu, kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kosavuta.
Maonekedwe a mapangidwe a malonda a malonda ayenera kukhala othandiza, chachiwiri ndi kukhala okongola, ndipo chachitatu ndi kukhala wolemera mu kusintha.Maonekedwe a malondazinthu zopangira makekezotengera nthawi zambiri zimapakidwa, kutsegula zenera, kunyamulika, kupachikidwa, zowonekera, zosavuta kutsegula, zogwiritsidwanso ntchito, mphatso ndi zina zotero.
1. Zopangira makekekamangidwe ka ma CD mu chidebe chomangira kunja ndi mkati mwa riboni yowonjezera, mfundo zamaluwa, ndi zina zotero, kuwunikira ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso lazojambula zamapangidwe.Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mfundo yophweka ndiyofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma takisi, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kupanga misala ndi kulongedza.Choyamba, zojambula zovuta sizili zoyenera kupanga anthu ambiri, sizigwirizana ndi mfundo yosungira chuma, komanso ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo kachiwiri, zimagwirizananso ndi kukoma kokoma kwa ogula, kutsanzira kosavuta komanso kowala ndikosavuta. kuti azindikire, yosalala, zachilengedwe, kulenga chitsanzo ndi wogula
Tiyeni tidikire.
Kuyandidwa.Kapangidwe kazolemba ndi gawo lofunikira pamapangidwe okongoletsera pamwamba, ntchito yake yayikulu ndikulimbikitsa zinthu, kuyambitsa kupanga
2. Malonda azinthu zopangira makekekulongedza zolemba zolemba zolemba, pochita gawo lokongoletsa pachithunzichi.Lingaliro ndi mapangidwe a malembawo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pa makhalidwe a mankhwala ndi makhalidwe a malo ogulitsa kuti ayese kukwaniritsa zokongola komanso zomveka, chinenerocho chiyenera kukhala chachidule komanso chowonadi, mawuwo ayenera kukhala okhwima, malemba ndi kumasulira. Ziyenera kukhala zolondola, kalembedwe ka zilembo ndi chotchinga chokongoletsa ziyenera kukhala zolumikizana, ndipo masanjidwe ake akhale omveka.Zizindikiro zamalonda ndi mayina amtundu ndi mzimu wa chithunzi cholongedza ndi chokongoletsera, chomwe chiyenera kupangidwa mu gawo lalikulu la chithunzicho;Dzina la mankhwala likhoza kuikidwa pamalo achiwiri, ndipo zolemba zina zambiri, zolemba zofotokozera, zotsatsa malonda, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kukonzedwa molingana ndi zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri.Pakali pano, mayiko ambiri amafuna ma CD mankhwala kugwiritsa ntchito seti awiri kapena kuposa a malemba, kotero malingana ndi makhalidwe ndi zofunika za mayiko osiyanasiyana, kusankha wololera malemba, kuti alingidwe mosamala mu calligraphy masanjidwe, kukula mawu, kusankha font, kachulukidwe ubale ndi. mbali zina za kusankha kolondola.
3. Zopangira makeke packaging mtundu kapangidwe
Mtundu ndi chilankhulo chaluso pakuyika ndi kukongoletsa, ndipo ndi kalozera wowonera kuti ogula agule katundu.Mtundu ukhoza kufotokoza zambiri, kufotokoza tanthauzo lolemera, kudzutsa malingaliro okongola a anthu, kuti abweretse chiyambukiro chachindunji pakugulitsa zinthu.Mapangidwe amtundu ayenera kumvera mutu wa chithunzicho, malinga ndi chikhalidwe ndi makhalidwe a mankhwala kuti achite, makamaka kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wachilengedwe, mtundu wotchuka ndi mtundu wachikhalidwe.
Dziko lililonse ndi dera lili ndi zokonda zake zamitundu yachikhalidwe, ndiko kuti, mitundu yoyambira.Kaŵirikaŵiri maganizo a anthu ndi mmene amakondera mtundu amatengera mmene malo alili, miyambo ya mayiko, zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo, ndale, ndiponso makhalidwe awo.
Mtundu wotchuka wa ma CD ndi mtundu womwe umavomerezedwa ndikukondedwa ndi anthu ambiri m'dera linalake komanso nthawi inayake.Kuwonekera kwa mtundu wotchuka ndi chifukwa chosapeŵeka cha kufunikira kwa kutsitsimuka kwaumunthu, ndipo chitukuko chake chimakhala ndi nthawi zonse.Kufunafuna kwa wogula mitundu yotchuka kumasonyeza chikhumbo cha wogula cha kusintha, kudzikonza, kugwirizana ndi kachitidwe, ndi kulimba mtima kutsata mkhalidwe wamaganizo, umene uli mbali ya moyo wa ogula.Mapangidwe amtundu wamapaketi ogulitsa sayenera kutaya nthawi kutenga zidziwitso zodziwika bwino ndikupanga mitundu yodziwika bwino komanso malingaliro a The Times.
Mtundu woyikapo ndi mtundu womwe zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo ogula amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvomereza.Monga kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yofunda kutsindika zakudya zokoma za chakudya;Gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yozizira kuti mutsindike kulimba kwa zinthu zamakina.Mtundu wamtundu wapaketi uli ndi chidwi chozama m'malingaliro a ogula.Kusankhidwa kwa mtundu wamapaketi nthawi zina kumakhala kosavuta kupangitsa kufanana pakati pa katundu, kufanana sikungagwirizane ndi malonda.Choncho, kusankha mtundu, tiyenera kukhala bwino kutengera miyambo, komanso angayerekeze kuyambitsa.4. ma CD zokongoletsera chitsanzo chitsanzo
Zojambulajambula, zithunzi, zokongoletsera zokongoletsera ndi mafomu operekera chithandizo kutsogolo kwa zokongoletsera zomangira zimatchedwa zitsanzo za chithunzi cha phukusi.Zogulitsa zomwe zimawonetsedwa muzopaka zowonekera komanso zoyika zenera ndizofunikanso pazithunzi zokongoletsa.Kujambula kwachitsanzo nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, monga kupenta kukongoletsa, kujambula zojambulajambula, zojambula, zojambula zachi China, zojambula zamafuta, zojambula zamadzi, zojambula za calligraphy, kudula chisindikizo, kudula mapepala, kujambula zithunzi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito maluso osiyanasiyana opangira, kotero kuti mutu wapangidwe ukhoza kupangidwa bwino ndikupangidwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-05-2023