Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibicuruzwa, ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguro

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibicuruzwa,ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguro

Ubumenyi bw'ibanze ku gushushanya ibipfunyika byo kugurisha

1. Igitekerezo cyo gupakira ibicuruzwa n'akamaro kabyo,ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguro 

gupakira ibicuruzwa ku isoko,ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguro,izwi kandi nka "small packing", "retail packing", ni "small packing" igurishwa ku baguzi bafite ibicuruzwa hagamijwe kugurisha. Ifite inshingano zikurikira: imikorere yo kumenya, imikorere yo koroshya ibintu, imikorere yo gushariza ibintu, gutekereza no guhuza ibintu. Ibikubiye mu igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibicuruzwa ni igishushanyo mbonera cy'imitako n'imiterere yo koroshya ibintu, imitako y'ibicuruzwa bivuga imiterere n'ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa. Imiterere, ibara, inyandiko, guhuza ibintu, imiterere, ikirango n'ibindi bintu bigize ibicuruzwa bigize ubuhanzi, bugira uruhare mu kohereza amakuru y'ibicuruzwa, kwamamaza ibicuruzwa, gushariza ibicuruzwa, kugaragaza imiterere y'ibicuruzwa, guteza imbere kugurisha no koroshya ikoreshwa.Ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo ibiryo by'umugati naGupakira no gushushanya ku bicuruzwa ni itangazo riboneka hose ku isoko, ni igikoresho cyo kugeza amakuru ku isoko ririho n'isoko rishobora kuba ririho, ni intwaro ikomeye yo kunoza ipiganwa ry'ibicuruzwa, kandi ni uburyo busanzwe bwo guteza imbere iyamamazabikorwa. Ingaruka zaibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroNta gushidikanya ko gahunda nziza yo kugurisha ku bijyanye no kongera ibicuruzwa no kuzamura ibiciro ari nini cyane.

Ibisabwa by'ibanze mu gushushanya ibipfunyika ni ibi bikurikira: kuzuza ibisabwa n'amahame n'amabwiriza y'igihugu ajyanye n'ibicuruzwakuriibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguro; Bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe ibikubiye mu itangwa ry'umushinga cyangwa amasezerano; Ibikubiye mu itangwa bihuye n'ibikoresho byo gupakira; Kuzirikana neza inyungu z'imibereho myiza n'ubukungu no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gupakira uko bishoboka kose; Gusubiramo ibikoresho byo gupakira, ibikoresho byo gupakira cyangwa guta imyanda bigomba kwitabwaho; Ibisabwa mu gupfunyika bigomba kuba bikomeye, bikomeye, bihamye kandi by'umutekano n'isuku; Bigomba kuba byiza mu mikorere yo gupakira, kwerekana, gutwara, gufungura, kubungabunga no gukoresha: imiterere n'ingano y'interuro bigomba gufatwa nk'ibijyanye n'imiterere n'uburyo bwo gupakira.asloibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguro, kugira ngo byorohereze gutwara no gupakira; Ingaruka zayo ku gikoresho cyo kubika amakuru n'imikorere yo kohereza amakuru bigomba gusuzumwa neza; Ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki mu gishushanyo mbonera bigomba kwemezwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bw'igerageza.

2. Amahame ngenderwaho yo gushushanya n'imiterere y'igishushanyo mbonera Kugira ngo umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa urusheho kuba mwizaibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafungurogupakira no guha umwanya wuzuye ingaruka zo gupakira ku isoko, imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bigomba gukurikiza amahame akurikira:

(1) Gupakira ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa siyansi n'umutekanonaibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroIgishushanyo mbonera kigomba gushingira ku miterere y'ibirimo n'urwego rw'uburinzi bukenewe hamwe n'ibisabwa mu kugurisha, kurengera ibidukikije n'ibindi bice byo guhitamo ibikoresho byo gupfunyika mu buryo bukwiye. Kumenya neza uburyoibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroimiterere y'ibipfunyika n'uburyo bwo kubirinda, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bigezwehoibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroikoranabuhanga n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gupakira, kugira ngo imiterere rusange y'ibicuruzwaibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafungurogupakira bifite ishingiro rikomeye kandi bifite imbaraga zihagije, kandi bikerekana neza ko (2) gupakira bifite ubukungu bifitanye isano rya hafi naibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroikiguzi cy'ibicuruzwa n'ikiguzi cyo kubizenguruka. Kugira ngo habeho umutekano w'ibicuruzwa biri mu nshingano zikenewe mu gupakira, no kugera ku buringanire busesuye hagati y'ibicuruzwa bitandukanyeibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroImikorere yo gupakira. Mu buryo buteganyijwe, igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibipfunyika kigomba guhitamo ibikoresho bihendutse byo gupakira, hashingiwe ku kudahindura ubwiza bw'ibipfunyika, igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibipfunyika kigomba guhitamo igiciro gikwiye.ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroIbikoresho byo gupfunyika, hashingiwe ku kudahindura ubwiza bw'ibipfunyika, bigomba gukoresha uburyo bworoshye kandi buhendutse bwo kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gupfunyika, kugira ngo bigabanye ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa, hakurikijwe intego yo kuzuza ibisabwa by'imbaraga, bigomba guhitamo ibikoresho byo gupfunyika byoroheje, kugabanya uburemere bw'ibipfunyika uko bishoboka kose, kugabanya ingano y'ibipfunyika, kugera ku buryo busanzwe bwo gupfunyika, no kugabanya urujya n'uruza rw'ibipfunyika.

3) Ubworoherane bugomba gushingira ku bisabwa naibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafungurogukora, kugurisha no gukoresha ibicuruzwa, kugira ngo byorohereze abakora kugera ku bikorwa bihoraho kandi byikoraibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafungurogupakira, korohereza abagurisha kwerekana no kugurisha, no korohereza abaguzi gukoresha, gutwara, gufungura no gufunga. Muri icyo gihe, bitewe n'igiciro. Ibintu bikoreshwa bipfunyikwa mu buryo butandukanye, ubushobozi n'ibipimo, kandi ibicuruzwa bifitanye isano na byo bikoreshwa mu gushyigikiraibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafungurogupakira. (4) Gushushanya udushya two gupakira ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bihuze n'ibikenewe mu iterambere n'impinduka ku isoko na The Times, udushya duhoraho, ku buryo gupakira ibicuruzwa ari umwihariko kandi bishya, kandi gupakira ibindi bicuruzwa bisa nabyo bifite itandukaniro rigaragara, kugira ngo kunoze ipiganwa ry'ibicuruzwa ku isoko.

(5) Kwamamaza ubwiza bigomba kugira imiterere myiza, ibara n'imiterere, guhaza ibyifuzo by'ubwiza bw'abaguzi, guteza imbere ubushobozi bwo gufasha ibicuruzwa kwinjira ku isoko no kwagura ibicuruzwa. Abaguzi bafite ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa, ku buryoibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafungurogupakira no gushushanya bishobora kwita ku mitekerereze y'abaguzi no guteza imbere igurishwa ryaibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroibicuruzwa

(6) Isuku igomba kugira uruhare runini mu gushushanya ibipfunyika by'ibiribwa, amavuta yo kwisiga, imiti, ibikomoka ku buzima n'ibindi bicuruzwa. Witondere ibisabwa ku buzima n'umutekano by'ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse, ku ruhande rumwe, ni ngombwa koibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroGupfunyika bishobora gutandukanya umwanda uterwa n’ibintu bitandukanye bidafite isuku, cyane cyane umwanda uterwa n’udukoko, udukoko duto n’imbeba; Ku rundi ruhande, ibikoresho byo gupfunyika ntibigomba kuba birimo ibintu by’uburozi n’imiti yangiza.

(7) Kurengera ibidukikije mu igenamigambi ryaibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafungurogupakira, tugomba gusuzuma ibisabwa mu kurengera ibidukikije, kongera ubumenyi ku kutanduzanya no kurengera ibidukikije, guhuza n'isoko ry'isi bitewe n'amahame mashya n'amabwiriza mashya ku bikoresho byo gupakira n'imyanda yo gupakira iterwa n'ipiganwa rishya, guteza imbere cyane imyanda mike, ishobora kongera gukoreshwa, byoroshye kongera gukoreshwa cyangwa kwiyangiza mu gupakira ibidukikije. Muri icyo gihe, mu kugurishaibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroImiterere y'ibipfunyika igomba kandi kwita ku iterambere rikwiye ry'ibyo bipfunyika bizigama umutungo.

Ingano y'ibicuruzwaibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroIgishushanyo mbonera cy'ibipfunyika kirimo ibintu bitatu: igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibikapu; Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imiterere; Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imitako.

Ibyo bice bitatu birafitanye isano kandi birahura, kandi ntibishobora gutandukanywa burundu.

Ihame rusange ry'ubucuruziibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroIgishushanyo mbonera cy’ibipfunyika ni: “ubumenyi, ubukungu, ubw’ingenzi, bwiza, bushobora kugurishwa”. Iri hame rishyirwa imbere ku nshingano z’ibanze zo gupfunyika, kandi ni cyo gisabwa muri rusange mu gupfunyika ibipfunyika. Muri iri hame, nk’ibanze ku mikorere y’itumanaho n’inshingano zo kwamamaza igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibipfunyika, bigomba kandi kuzuza ibisabwa bine by’ibanze bikurikira: byoroshye kumenya; Gukurura ijisho; Kugira ibyiyumvo byiza, bikwiye. Ibintu bine byavuzwe haruguru ni ingenzi mu guteza imbere igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa, kandi bigabanyana kandi bigahuza umubano uri hagati yabyo bine, ari na byo by’ingenzi mu kugurishaibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroigishushanyo mbonera cy'ibipfunyika.

Intego nyamukuru y'akazi kaibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroIgishushanyo mbonera cy’ibipfunyika ni uburyo bwo gupfunyika ibicuruzwa, bugira uruhare runini cyane mu kunoza agaciro k’ibicuruzwa no guhangana kugira ngo byagure isoko kandi byongere ibicuruzwa. Uko ubukungu bugenda butera imbere, imiterere y’ibipfunyika n’imitako yavuye ku bicuruzwa by’umwimerere kugira ngo bigire agaciro nk’ak’ibicuruzwa, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bikaba ingenzi kurusha ibicuruzwa.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imitako gifite ubuhanzi n'imikorere. Umurimo ni wo wa mbere, kandi ubuhanzi buri mu ngiro, ari na cyo kintu gisanzwe kiranga ubuhanzi. Gupakira no gushushanya imitako kugira ngo habeho kugurishwa kw'ibicuruzwa nk'intego nyamukuru mu isano iri hagati y'ubuhanzi n'imikorere, hari imiterere imwe n'imwe itandukanye. Muri icyo gihe,ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroIgishushanyo mbonera cy'imitako gifite kandi ubuhanzi n'ubucuruzi; Ubuhanzi n'ubumenyi; Ubuhanzi n'imikorere; Ibiranga ubuhanzi n'igihe.

3. Aho igishushanyo mbonera giherereye

Icyerekezo cy'igishushanyo ni uburyo bufitanye isano rya hafi n'igitekerezo cy'igishushanyo, bushimangira akamaro, intego n'akamaro k'igishushanyo, kandi bugashyiraho ibikubiye mu ngingo n'icyerekezo by'igitekerezo cy'igishushanyo n'imikorere. Hariho imyumvire itandukanye ku bijyanye n'icyerekezo cy'igishushanyo. Nubwo atari cyo gitekerezo ubwacyo, gifite akamaro kanini nk'ishingiro ry'igitekerezo cy'igishushanyo.

Akamaro nyamukuru ko gushyira igishushanyo mbonera mu mwanya wacyo ni ugushimangira imiterere y’ibicuruzwa biruta ibindi, kugaragaza ibintu by'ingenzi abandi batatekerejeho mu gupakira kwabo, no gushyiraho insanganyamatsiko n'intego by'igishushanyo mbonera. Gushyira igishushanyo mbonera mu mwanya wacyo bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri:

(1) Gukusanya amakuru Gukusanya amakuru ni icyiciro cyo kwitegura gushyira ibintu mu buryo bw'igishushanyo. Muri sosiyete ya none, biragaragara cyane kugereranya ipiganwa ku isoko n' "intambara y'ubucuruzi". Kugira ngo utsinde intambara, kumenya wowe ubwawe n'umwanzi ni cyo kintu cya mbere gisabwa. Gushushanya no gushushanya mu irushanwa ku isoko bihura ahanini n'imbogamizi ebyiri: kimwe ni uguhitamo abaguzi, icya kabiri ni uguhangana n'ibicuruzwa bisa. Ni ishingiro ryo gushyira ibintu mu buryo bw'igishushanyo kugira ngo usobanukirwe imiterere y'ikintu gihanganye mu buryo bw'igishushanyo. Intego yo gukusanya amakuru ni ukumenya undi muntu. Ibi ni

Gushyira igishushanyo mbonera mu mwanya wacyo ni akazi gakwiye gukorwa. Gukusanya amakuru bigomba gukorwa mu bice bibiri by'igishushanyo mbonera n'ikintu cy'ipiganwa icyarimwe, kandi ibikubiye muri icyo gice bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: kugurisha ku isoko, ibicuruzwa, gupakira no gushushanya imitako.

Kwamamaza bikubiyemo: ibintu bikoreshwa; Isano y'ibicuruzwa n'ibikenewe; umugabane w'isoko; Akarere k'ibicuruzwa n'igihembwe; kugurisha

Inzira.

Ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo ibiryo by'umugati pibicuruzwa birimo: ikirango n'urwego; Imiterere n'imikorere; Ubwiza n'agaciro k'imikoreshereze, ubuzima, ibikoresho, inzira n'ikoranabuhanga; Ikiguzi n'inyungu.

3 Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imitako kirimo:ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroIbikoresho byo gupfunyika, ikoranabuhanga n'ikoranabuhanga, imiterere n'imiterere y'ibipfunyika, uburyo bwo kugaragaza ibintu n'uburyo bwo kugaragaza ibintu; Ikiguzi cyo gupfunyika; Hari ibibazo.

Amakuru yerekeye ibicuruzwa n'ubucuruzi ashobora kumvikana kandi akaboneka ku mushushanyi wabigenewe, kandi amakuru yerekeye gupakira no gushushanya agomba kwitabwaho ku giti cye mu iperereza n'ubushakashatsi n'umushushanyi. Gukusanya amakuru bigomba kuba byuzuye kandi byuzuye uko bishoboka kose, bifitanye isano itaziguye n'icyemezo cyo gushyira igishushanyo mbonera mu mwanya wacyo no gushyira mu bikorwa imikorere y'igishushanyo mbonera.

(2) Icyemezo cyo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya Icyemezo cyo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya ni ugukusanya amakuru yose, yerekeye ibintu by'ibanze byo gushushanya ibicuruzwa kugira ngo habeho isesengura rigereranya ibintu ku bindi, hanyuma hashingiwe ku guteza imbere imbaraga no kwirinda intege nke hashingiwe ku isuzuma, hanyuma hagashingwa icyakorwa.

Kandi garagaza icyo. Ibintu bitatu by'ibanze byo gushyira igishushanyo mbonera ni ikirango, ibicuruzwa n'umuguzi. Ibi bintu bitatu by'ibanze bigomba kugaragara mu kugurishaibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroIbikubiye mu gishushanyo mbonera cy’amapaki, ikibazo ni uko buri gice cy’ibanze kirimo amakuru menshi ahagije, aho igishushanyo mbonera giherereye ni ukugaragaza isano y’ibanze n’iya kabiri, gushyiraho insanganyamatsiko y’igishushanyo n’icyo kigamije.

Hashingiwe ku ishyirwa ry'ibicuruzwa, ishyirwa ry'ikirango n'ishyirwa ry'abaguzi, hashobora kandi gukorwa ihurizo ritandukanye hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye y'ibicuruzwa n'isoko, ni ukuvuga ko insanganyamatsiko y'igishushanyo ikubiyemo ibintu byinshi icyarimwe. Urugero, ibicuruzwa n'ibirango,ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroIbicuruzwa n'abaguzi, ibirango n'abaguzi, n'ibindi. Uko igishushanyo mbonera cyaba giteye kose, ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugushyiraho intego y'imikorere. Nta kwibanda ku kintu, nta bikubiyemo bingana; Kwibanda cyane bingana no kudashyira ku kintu, kandi byombi bitakaza icyo bisobanura mu gushyiraho igishushanyo mbonera.

Ibikubiye mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'ibicuruzwa. Ibikubiye mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'ibicuruzwa ni igishushanyo mbonera, igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyandiko, igishushanyo mbonera cy'amabara, igishushanyo mbonera n'igishushanyo mbonera cyoroshye.

Imiterere y'imitako yo kugurisha igomba kuba ifatika, iya kabiri ni ukuba mwiza, naho iya gatatu ni ukuba umukire mu mpinduka. Imiterere y'imitakoibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafunguroGupfunyika muri rusange biba bipanze neza, bifunguka amadirishya, bitwarwa, bimanitse, bibonerana, byoroshye gufungura, bishobora kongera gukoreshwa, impano n'ibindi.

1. Ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo ibiryo by'umugatiIgishushanyo mbonera cy'ibipfunyika mu gikoresho cyo gupakira kiri hanze n'imbere, agapfundo k'indabyo, nibindi, kugira ngo hagaragazwe kandi hongerwe ingaruka z'ubuhanzi zo gupakira. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ihame ryo koroshya ibintu ari ingenzi cyane mu gupakira, bigenwa n'uburyo bwo gukora ibintu byinshi no gupakira. Mbere na mbere, gupakira ibintu bigoye ntabwo bikwiriye mu gupakira ibintu byinshi, ntabwo bihuye n'ihame ryo kubungabunga ubukungu, kandi ntabwo byoroshye kubikoresha, kandi icya kabiri, bifitanye isano n'uburyohe bw'ubwiza bw'abaguzi, gupakira ibintu byoroshye kandi bitangaje biroroshye kubyumva, gupakira ibintu byoroshye, karemano, kandi bifite ubuhanga ni byo umuguzi

Reka dutegereze.

Byakunzwe. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyandiko ni igice cy'ingenzi mu gushushanya ubuso bw'imitako yo gupfunyika, uruhare rwacyo nyamukuru ni uguteza imbere ibicuruzwa, gutangiza umusaruro

2. Kugurishaibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo amafungurogupakira inyandiko zishushanyijeho, mu gihe zigize uruhare mu mitako mu ishusho. Igitekerezo n'imiterere y'inyandiko bigomba gushingira ku miterere y'ibicuruzwa n'imiterere y'aho bigurishirizwa kugira ngo bigere ku bwiza n'ubusobanuro, imvugo igomba kuba ngufi kandi iboneye, ijambo rigomba kuba rigoye, inyandiko n'ubuhinduzi bigomba kuba ari byo, imiterere y'inyuguti n'ishusho y'imitako bigomba guhuzwa no guhuzwa, kandi imiterere igomba kuba ishyize mu gaciro. Ibirango by'ubucuruzi n'amazina y'ibirango ni byo bigize ishusho y'imitako n'imitako, bigomba gushushanywa mu gice cy'ingenzi cy'ishusho; Izina ry'ibicuruzwa rishobora gushyirwa mu mwanya wa kabiri, kandi andi makuru y'inyandiko, inyandiko isobanura, inyandiko yo kwamamaza, nibindi bigomba gutegurwa neza hakurikijwe ibanze n'iy'inyongera. Muri iki gihe, ibihugu byinshi bisaba ko gupakira ibicuruzwa bikoresha amatsinda abiri cyangwa menshi y'inyandiko, bityo hakurikijwe imiterere n'ibisabwa n'ibihugu bitandukanye, guhitamo inyandiko mu buryo bukwiye, gutekerezwaho witonze mu miterere ya kalligraphy, ingano y'amagambo, guhitamo inyuguti, isano y'ubucucike n'ibindi bice by'ihitamo rikwiye.

3. Ibikoresho byo gupfunyikamo ibiryo by'umugati pigishushanyo mbonera cy'amabara yo gushushanya

Ibara ni ururimi rw'ubuhanzi mu gupakira no gushushanya, kandi ni ryo shusho ry'abaguzi ryo kugura ibicuruzwa. Ibara rishobora gutanga amakuru atandukanye, rigasobanura neza, rigakangura ibitekerezo byiza by'abantu, kugira ngo rigire ingaruka ku igurishwa ry'ibicuruzwa. Imiterere y'amabara igomba kubahiriza insanganyamatsiko y'ishusho, hakurikijwe imiterere n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bigomba gukorwa, cyane cyane ku ikoreshwa ry'amabara karemano, ibara rikunzwe n'irisanzwe n'amabara asanzwe.

Buri gihugu n'akarere bifite amabara gakondo akunda, ni ukuvuga amabara y'ibanze. Amarangamutima y'abantu n'ibyo bakunda ku mabara akenshi biterwa n'imiterere y'ahantu, imigenzo y'igihugu, imyizerere y'amadini, ibintu bya politiki, n'imibereho yabo.

Ibara rikunzwe cyane mu gupfunyika ni ibara ryemerwa kandi rikundwa n'abantu benshi mu gace runaka no mu gihe runaka. Kugaragara kw'ibara rikunzwe cyane ni umusaruro utazibagirana w'uko umuntu akeneye ubushya, kandi iterambere ryaryo rifite gahunda ihamye. Gushaka amabara akunzwe n'umuguzi bigaragaza icyifuzo cy'umuguzi cyo guhinduka, kwiteza imbere, gukurikiza icyerekezo, no kugira ubutwari bwo gukurikirana imiterere y'imitekerereze, ari na byo biranga ubuzima bw'umuguzi. Imiterere y'amabara mu gupfunyika ibicuruzwa igomba gutakaza umwanya mu gufata amakuru akunzwe no gushushanya amabara hakoreshejwe uburyo bukunzwe n'ubw'ikinyamakuru The Times.

Ibara ry'ibipfunyika ni ibara ry'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bimaze igihe kinini bikoreshwa kandi abaguzi bakunze kwemera. Urugero nko gukoresha amabara ashyushye kugira ngo bashimangire intungamubiri nziza z'ibiryo; Koresha amabara akonje kugira ngo ushimangire kuramba kw'ibicuruzwa bya tekiniki. Ibara ryihariye ryo gupfunyika rifite ishusho yimbitse mu bitekerezo by'abaguzi. Guhitamo ibara ry'ibipfunyika rimwe na rimwe biroroshye gutera ibisa hagati y'ibicuruzwa, ibisa ntibifasha kugurisha. Kubwibyo, guhitamo ibara, tugomba kuba abahanga mu gukurura umuco, ariko tunatinyuke guhanga udushya. 4. Gushushanya imitako yo gupfunyika

Amashusho, amafoto, imiterere y'imitako n'imiterere y'ibishushanyo biri imbere y'imitako yo gupfunyika byitwa imiterere y'ishusho yo gupfunyika. Igicuruzwa kigaragara mu gupfunyika ku buryo bugaragara no mu madirishya nacyo ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ishusho yo gupfunyika. Gushushanya imiterere akenshi bikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo gushushanya, nko gushushanya, gushushanya katuni, gushushanya, gushushanya mu Bushinwa, gushushanya amavuta, gushushanya mu mazi, gushushanya mu nyandiko, gukata impapuro, gufotora, no gukoresha ubuhanga butandukanye bwo gushushanya, kugira ngo insanganyamatsiko yo gushushanya ishobore gutezwa imbere no gukorwa.