abathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha umhla waseTshayina

Kule mihla, iibhokisi zisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kwaye amashishini ahlukeneyo aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zobukhulu. Nokuba nguwuphi umenzi okanye ishishini, inani elikhulu leebhokisi liyafuneka ukuze kuthengiswe izinto ezintsha minyaka le.

 

Cabathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha zeHina date.Ukuze kudale ubunyani kunye nobuntu kuyilo lweepakethe, imizobo yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokubonakalisa. Idlala indima yomthengisi, idlulisela umxholo wepakethe kubathengi ngeziphumo ezibonakalayo, kwaye inempembelelo enamandla ebonakalayo. Inokutsala ingqalelo yabathengi kwaye ivelise umnqweno wokuthenga.

 

Cabathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha zeHina date,Imizobo yokupakishwa ingashwankathelwa kwiindidi ezintathu: imizobo yesamente, imizobo yesamente engaphantsi kunye nemizobo engabonakaliyo. Zinxulumene kakhulu nomxholo wokupakishwa, ukuze iimpawu zemveliso zidluliselwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphandle koko, aziyi kuba nantsingiselo kwaye azinakunxulunyaniswa nabantu. Ukubona nantoni na kwaye ungalindelanga ukuba ibe nefuthe kuya kuba kukusilela okukhulu komyili wokupakishwa. Ngokubanzi, ukuba imveliso ihambelana neyomzimba ngakumbi, njengokutya nokusela, kuya kugxininiswa ngakumbi ekusebenziseni imizobo yesamente; ukuba imveliso inxulumene nesamente, kuya kusetyenziswa imizobo yesamente engaphantsi okanye engaphantsi.

 

Cabathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha zeHina date,Imizobo yokupakisha inxulumene nabaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo, ingakumbi abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Xa uyila imifanekiso yokupakisha imveliso, kufuneka uyinyamekele kakuhle ukuze imifanekiso yokupakisha eyiliweyo ikwazi ukuqatshelwa ngumntu ekujoliswe kuye kwaye ifezekise injongo yemfuno.

 

Cabathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha zeHina date. Ukuveliswa kwemveliso kunokwenza abathengi bakwazi ukuqonda ngokuthe ngqo umxholo wephakheji ukuze kuveliswe impembelelo ebonakalayo kunye nemiphumo efunekayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa imizobo engokomfanekiso okanye imizobo yemifanekiso engokoqobo. Umzekelo, kwiphakheji yokutya, ukuze kubonakaliswe ubumnandi bokutya, iifoto zokutya zihlala ziprintwa kwiphakheji yemveliso ukuze kuqiniswe umbono ocacileyo wabathengi kwaye kudale umnqweno wokuthenga.

 

Cabathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha zeHina date,"Iimeko ezichukumisayo kunye neemvakalelo" kuthetha ukuba izinto zivuselela amava obomi afanayo kunye neengcinga kunye neemvakalelo. Isebenzisa iimvakalelo njengendlela yokuhamba ukusuka kwenye into ukuya kwenye, ukusuka ekubonakaleni kwento enye ukuya ekubonakaleni kwenye into. Ngokubanzi, isekelwe kakhulu kwiimpawu zembonakalo yemveliso, iimpawu zempembelelo yemveliso emva kokusetyenziswa, imeko eseleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso, ukwakheka kwemveliso kunye nezithako zephakheji, imvelaphi yemveliso, ibali kunye nembali yemveliso, iimpawu zendawo yemvelaphi kunye namasiko esizwe Yila imizobo yokupakisha ukuchaza intsingiselo yemveliso, ukuze abantu bakwazi ukucinga ngomxholo wokupakisha emva kokubona imizobo.

 

Cabathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha zeHina date,Uyilo oluhle kakhulu lokupakisha lwenza abantu baluthande, baludumise, kwaye benze abantu bafune ukuluthenga. Le nto yenza abantu baluthande luphawu oluvela kwiphakheji. Umsebenzi weempawu kukucebisa. Nangona zingavezi ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokuthe ngqo izimvo, umsebenzi wengcebiso unamandla kwaye ngamanye amaxesha udlula ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo. Umzekelo, kuyilo lokupakisha ikofu, umfanekiso wokupakisha oshushu ufanekisela umgangatho wekofu onevumba elimnandi. Ukwafanekisela ukuba amadoda namabhinqa aselula ziziselo eziyimfuneko kubudlelwane bothando kunye needethi, ukutsala abathengi.

 

Cabathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha zeHina date,Amazwe ahlukeneyo aneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha kunye nemithetho yokungahoywa kwimizobo yokupakisha: Amazwe amaSilamsi ayawalela imizobo yeehagu, iinkwenkwezi ezinamacala amathandathu, iminqamlezo, imizimba yabantu ababhinqileyo, kunye noobhontsi phezulu njengemizobo yokupakisha, kunye neenkwenkwezi ezinamacala amahlanu kunye nemizobo ye-crescent; Abantu baseJapan bakholelwa ukuba iintyatyambo ze-lotus Ayinathamsanqa, impungutye inobuqili kwaye iyabawa, kwaye ipateni ye-chrysanthemum enamapetali alishumi elinesithandathu esetyenziswe kwi-royal crest yaseJapan ayifanelekanga ukupakisha. Bathanda izangqa kunye neepateni zentyatyambo yecherry; amaBritane athelekisa iibhokhwe namadoda angalawulekiyo, kwaye ajonga iiqhude njengezinto ezingamanyala, iindlovu azinamsebenzi kwaye ziyacaphukisa, kwaye azinakusetyenziswa njengemizobo yokupakisha, kodwa imizobo yekhaka kunye ne-oki iyathandwa; iSingapore idume kwihlabathi liphela njengeLion City kwaye iyayithanda imizobo yengonyama; imizobo yezinja ivela eThailand, eAfghanistan, Ayinamthetho kumazwe amaSilamsi eMntla Afrika; amaFrentshi akholelwa ukuba iiwalnuts azinathamsanqa, kwaye ipateni yespades luphawu lokulila; amaNicaragua namaKorea akholelwa ukuba oonxantathu abanathamsanqa, kwaye aba abanakusetyenziswa njengemizobo yokupakisha; abanye abantu eHong Kong bajonga inkukhu njengegama elifanayo nelithi oonongogo. Ke ngoko, ayifanelekanga kwiigrafikhi zokupakisha iibhedi.

 

Cabathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha zeHina date, Ngokungafaniyo nephepha, ikhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo yenziwa ngokuqala ngokucubungula iphepha elisisiseko elibotshelelweyo libe yimo ebotshelelweyo, emva koko kusetyenziswa iglu yokubopha umphezulu kunye nomaleko ophakathi obotshelelweyo kumacala omabini, ukuze umaleko ophakathi wekhadibhodi ube nesakhiwo esingenanto. Inamandla aphezulu, iqinile, kwaye ihlala ixesha elide. Amandla okuqhaqhazela acinezelweyo, njl. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo, ngoku isetyenziswa kakhulu ekupakisheni imveliso, kwaye ukuprinta ngokuthe ngqo kwiphepha ebotshelelweyo kuye kwaba yindlela yokuprinta ephambili kwiibhokisi zokupakisha.

 

Cabathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha zeHina date,Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngakumbi eYurophu nase-United States, ikhadibhodi encinci kakhulu neqinileyo kakhulu ene-corrugated iye yahlala ngokuthe cwaka kwiimarike zekhadibhodi ezine-corrugated, kuba ineempawu ezibonakalayo ezilungileyo kunye neempawu zokuprinta zekhadibhodi ene-corrugated kunye nekhadibhodi etyebileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nekhadibhodi etyebileyo yendabuko, ineempawu zokuqina okuhle, amandla aqinileyo okubamba, ukuthamba okuhle, ukonga izinto, ubunzima obulula, kunye nesiphumo esihle sokuprinta. Xa kuthelekiswa nekhadibhodi yendabuko ene-corrugated, ikhadibhodi ene-corrugated encinci ineempawu zeeflute ezincinci, ukuqina okuphezulu, isakhiwo esincinci, izinto ezomeleleyo nezithe tyaba, izinto ezikhanyayo nezincinci, ukumelana okuhle koxinzelelo, kwaye zinokuprintwa ngokuthe ngqo ngomatshini wokuprinta we-offset. Ngaphambili, yayinokuprintwa kuphela kwiipleyiti ze-flexographic. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ukuprinta ngokuthe ngqo kumatshini wokuprinta kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa yokuprinta kuqala uze emva koko u-laminate kumatshini wokuprinta we-offset yenza lula inkqubo, ifinyeze umjikelo wemveliso, kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

 

Cabathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha zeHina date,Iibhodi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zii-micro-corrugated ziquka uhlobo lwe-F (0.75mm), uhlobo lwe-G (0.5mm), uhlobo lwe-N (0.46mm), uhlobo lwe-O (0.3mm), njl., zonke zenziwe ngamaleya amathathu, oko kukuthi iphepha eliphezulu, iphepha eliphambili kunye nephepha elisezantsi. Kwangaxeshanye, ikhadibhodi ene-micro-corrugated nayo ineempawu ezilandelayo:

(1)Amandla aphezulu, anokuphucula umsebenzi wokukhusela wemveliso, kwaye anamandla angama-40% kunekhadibhodi etyebileyo;

(2)Ubunzima obukhaphukhaphu, i-40% ilula kunekhadibhodi etyebileyo, kwaye i-20% ilula kunekhadibhodi eqhotsiweyo;

(3)Umphezulu ogudileyo, iipateni ezintle, imibala eqaqambileyo, kunye nemiphumo ebonakalayo enamandla.

 

1. Umgaqo wokuprinta nge-offset kunye neemfuno zayo zokuprinta ngekhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo

 

Cabathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha zeHina date,Okwangoku, iindlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuprinteni amakhadibhodi ane-corrugated ziquka ukuprinta nge-flexographic, ukuprinta nge-gravure kunye nokuprinta nge-offset iphepha elingaphezulu uze emva koko u-lamination. Phakathi kwazo, ukuprinta nge-flexographic yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu, kodwa ukuchaneka kokuprinta akuphezulu kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, inokuprinta kuphela ezinye iibhokisi ezirhabaxa ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ngelixa ukuprinta nge-gravure kunye nokuprinta nge-offset zombini ziinkqubo zangaphambi kokuprinta, oko kukuthi, ukuprinta izicubu kuqala uze emva koko uprinte. Nangona unyango lwe-bonding lunokufezekisa umgangatho ongcono, inkqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye iindleko ziphezulu. Ke ngoko, ukuprinta nge-offset ngqo kwikhadibhodi ene-corrugated yinkqubo entsha elandelwa lishishini lokupakisha nokushicilela. I-KBA Rapida 105 yangoku kunye neManroland 700 kunye ne-900 zinokuprinta ngqo kwikhadibhodi ene-micro-corrugated, kwaye umgangatho wokuprinta unokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu.

 

Cabathengisi beebhokisi zokupakisha zeHina date,Ukuprinta kwe-offset kusebenzisa umthetho wendalo wokungaxutywa kweoyile namanzi. Kwipleyiti yokuprinta ephantse ibe kwindawo enye, imifanekiso kunye namacandelo ombhalo afunxa i-inki kuphela, kwaye inxalenye engenanto ifunxa amanzi kuphela. I-inki yomfanekiso kunye nombhalo idluliselwa kwi-substrate ngengubo. . Ngenxa yokubuyiselwa kwayo okuphezulu komfanekiso kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuvelisa imibala, ukuprinta kwe-offset okwangoku yeyona ndlela yokuprinta esetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye evuthiweyo. Okwangoku, ibandakanya ngaphezulu kwe-50% yazo zonke iiprinta eTshayina, ikakhulu ukuprinta iphepha. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lokuprinta iipakethe, ukuprinta kwe-flexographic, ukuprinta i-gravure, kunye nokuprinta kwesikrini kuye kwenza inkqubela phambili enkulu, ngelixa amandla ophuhliso kunye nenani lokuprinta kwe-offset liye kwehla.

 

Okwangoku, ngenxa yenkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe bokuprinta nge-offset bokuprinta ngqo kwiphepha elincinci, inkqubo yokuprinta nge-offset iya kuvuselelwa. Kwicandelo leebhokisi zekhadibhodi zefayibha zemveli, ezifana newayini, izixhobo ezincinci, izihlangu, izixhobo zehardware, ii-microelectronics, isoftware yekhompyutha, izibonisi zokuthengisa ezikhawuntara, ukutya okukhawulezayo, njl.njl., ukuprinta nge-offset kuqalile ukukhuphisana namanye amashishini ngenxa yomgangatho wokuprinta ongcono. Ikhadibhodi etyebileyo yendabuko ikhuphisana kwimarike.

 

Nangona kunjalo, isisombululo somthombo sisetyenziswa ekuprinteni nge-offset (isisombululo somthombo sisetyenziswa kakhulu ukugcina inxalenye engenanto yepleyiti yokuprinta icocekile, kwaye eyona nto iphambili yesisombululo somthombo ngamanzi), nto leyo eyenza inkqubo yokuprinta nge-offset ibe nzima kakhulu. Ukuxuba i-inki namanzi kuya kuvelisa i-inki emulsification, eya kubangela ukuba ibhodi yephepha ifunxe amanzi, itshintshe imo, kwaye itshintshe amandla ayo, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela umbala, i-viscosity, kunye nokusebenza kokomisa kwe-inki. Ke ngoko, ulawulo lokulinganisela i-inki luba lubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba ubungakanani bamanzi bukhulu kakhulu, i-inki iya kuba yi-emulsified kakhulu, ukomisa kuya kuncitshiswa, kwaye umbala uya kuba lula. Ngokukodwa, ikhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo iya kufunxa amanzi amaninzi, nto leyo eya kunciphisa amandla okucinezelwa kunye namandla omphezulu, kwaye inokubangela ukuba iwe phantsi koxinzelelo lokuprinta.

 

Njengoko ubukhulu bekhadibhodi bukhula, ukuguquguquka kwephepha elingaphezulu kunye nephepha elingaphakathi azihambelani, nto leyo eyenza ukufaneleka kokuprinta kube kubi ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, ulawulo lomthamo wamanzi lokuprinta ngqo ikhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo lungqongqo kunolo lokuprinta iphepha eliqhelekileyo. Kwaye ukuba ubungakanani be-inki bukhulu kakhulu, iingxaki ezinje ngokwandiswa kwamachaphaza, ukuhlanganiswa komaleko, kunye nokutshiza kuya kubakho. Ke ngoko, ibhalansi ye-inki kunye ne-inki kufuneka ilawulwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuprinta, ingakumbi ubungakanani bamanzi.

 

Ukuprinta ngqo kwikhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo kufuna ubunzima obulula kunephepha eliqhelekileyo ngokubhekiselele kulawulo loxinzelelo. Ekubeni ikhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo ephakathi ibotshelelweyo ingenanto, ukuba uxinzelelo luphezulu kakhulu, iimpazamo ezifana nokwandiswa kwamachaphaza kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamaleko ziya kwenzeka. Kwangaxeshanye, kuya kwenzeka into "yebhodi yokuhlamba", kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, kuya kwenzeka ukutyumza. Ke ngoko, ulawulo loxinzelelo kufuneka luchaneke ngakumbi.

 

Ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekileyo kunye neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zekhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo, olu hlobo lomatshini wokuprinta we-offset ludla ngokusebenzisa ingubo yerabha ekhethekileyo enobunzima obufanelekileyo kunye nobunzima obuthile, ukuze ukumelana okuhlukeneyo koxinzelelo lomphezulu wekhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo kuhlawulwe ngokuguquguquka koxinzelelo lwengubo. ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kokuguquguquka ukuphucula umgangatho wokuprinta.

 

2. Impembelelo yoshicilelo lwe-offset ekuprintweni kwekhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo

 

(1) Impembelelo kumandla ebhodi ebotshelelweyo

 

Uxinzelelo olukhulu lokushicilela nge-offset luya kunciphisa amandla okuxinwa kwekhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo; ukusetyenziswa kwesisombululo somthombo kuya kunciphisa amandla omphezulu kunye namandla okuxinwa kwekhadibhodi ngenxa yokufunxwa kwamanzi.

 

(2) Isiganeko "sebhodi yokuhlamba"

 

Ingxaki yebhodi yokuhlamba yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo kushicilelo lwekhadibhodi ebotshelelweyo. Le ngxaki inokwenzeka ukuba uxinzelelo kunye nomthamo weinki azikwazi ukulawulwa kakuhle ngexesha lokuprinta.

 

(3) Ukungalingani kweyinki neyinki

 

Kwiprinta ye-offset, eyona mpembelelo inkulu kumgangatho yibhalansi ye-inki ne-inki. Ngokukodwa, amanzi amaninzi anempembelelo enkulu kwibhodi ye-micro-corrugated.

 

(4) I-asidi kunye ne-alkalinity yesisombululo somthombo

 

Ukuba i-asidi inamandla kakhulu, iya kucothisa ukoma kwaye igqwalise ipleyiti yokuprinta; ukuba i-asidi ibuthathaka kakhulu, ayizukukwazi ukwenza umaleko okhuselayo osebenza kakuhle kwinxalenye engenanto yepleyiti yokuprinta.

 

(5) Ukusebenza kwelaphu lerabha

 

Iimpawu zengubo ziquka iimpawu zomphezulu kunye neempawu zokuguqulwa koxinzelelo. Iimpawu zomphezulu zisiqinisekiso sokufunxa i-inki kunye nokudlulisa i-inki, ngelixa iimpawu zokuguqulwa koxinzelelo zisisiseko sokufumana imifanekiso esemgangathweni ophezulu kwibhodi ebotshelelweyo.

 

Ikhadibhodi eprintwa ngqo nge-offset yinkqubo entsha yokuprinta efikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu ngokwempembelelo yokuprinta kunye nomgangatho wokuprinta. Ifana kakhulu nomgangatho wokuprinta wephepha. Iya kuba yibhokisi ebotshelelweyo kunye nekhathoni ephezulu. Ibhodi yephepha, ukhetho lokuqala lokupakisha, inokuzisa iingenelo ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho kwiinkampani zokupakisha kunye nokuprinta, kwaye yenye yezona ndlela ziphambili zophuhliso lokuprinta nge-offset kwixesha elizayo. Oku kuye kwavuselela ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuphuhliso lokuprinta nge-offset.