Impembelelo yezinto zokupakisha kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwizixhobo
Izixhobo zisisiseko kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho noluntu lwesizwe. Kwinkqubo yokuvuna, ukukhupha, ukulungiselela, ukuvelisa, ukucubungula, ukuthuthwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokulahla, kwelinye icala, ikhuthaza uphuhliso loluntu noqoqosho kunye nenkqubela phambili yempucuko yoluntu, kwelinye icala. Ikwasebenzisa amandla amaninzi kunye nezixhobo, kwaye ikhupha igesi eninzi emdaka, amanzi amdaka kunye nentsalela yenkunkuma, ingcolisa indawo yokuhlala yabantu. Izibalo ezahlukeneyo zibonisa ukuba, kuhlalutyo lobuninzi bamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nonobangela wongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, izixhobo kunye nokuveliswa kwazo zezinye zezona mbopheleleko ziphambili ezibangela ukunqongophala kwamandla, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezixhobo kunye nokuncipha. Ngokuchuma kweempahla kunye nokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kweshishini lokupakisha, izixhobo zokupakisha nazo zijongene nengxaki efanayo. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, ukusetyenziswa ngoku kwezixhobo zokupakisha kwihlabathi yi-145kg ngonyaka. Phakathi kweetoni ezingama-600 ezigidi zenkunkuma engamanzi kunye nenkunkuma eqinileyo eveliswa kwihlabathi minyaka le, inkunkuma yokupakisha imalunga neetoni ezili-16 ezigidi, ezibalelwa kwi-25% yomthamo wayo yonke inkunkuma yasezidolophini. I-15% yobunzima. Kucingeleka ukuba inani elimangalisayo kangaka liya kukhokelela kungcoliseko olukhulu lokusingqongileyo kunye nokuchithwa kwezixhobo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngokukodwa, "ungcoliseko olumhlophe" olubangelwa yinkunkuma yokupakisha yeplastiki engenakonakaliswa iminyaka engama-200 ukuya kwengama-400 lucacile kwaye lubangela ixhala.
Ibhokisi yetshokholethi
Impembelelo yezinto zokupakisha kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwizixhobo ibonakala kwiinkalo ezintathu.
(1) Ungcoliseko olubangelwa yinkqubo yokuvelisa izinto zokupakisha
Kwimveliso yezinto zokupakisha, ezinye zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziyacutshungulwa ukuze zenze izinto zokupakisha, kwaye ezinye zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziba zizinto ezingcolisayo kwaye zikhutshelwa kwindalo esingqongileyo. Umzekelo, igesi ekhutshiweyo, amanzi amdaka, intsalela yenkunkuma kunye nezinto eziyingozi, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezingenakuphinda zisetyenziswe, zibangela umonakalo kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Ibhokisi yetshokholethi
(2) Indlela izinto zokupakisha ezingasebenzi ngayo eluhlaza ibangela ungcoliseko
Izinto zokupakisha (kuquka nezinto ezincedisayo) zinokungcolisa umxholo okanye okusingqongileyo ngenxa yotshintsho kwiimpawu zazo zeekhemikhali. Umzekelo, i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ayinazinzo kubushushu. Kwiqondo elithile lobushushu (malunga ne-14°C), i-hydrogen kunye ne-chlorine enobuthi ziya kubola, nto leyo eya kungcolisa umxholo (amazwe amaninzi ayayithintela i-PVC njengokupakisha ukutya). Xa kutsha, kuveliswa i-hydrogen chloride (HCI), nto leyo ebangela imvula ene-asidi. Ukuba i-glue esetyenziselwa ukupakisha isekelwe kwi-solvent, iya kubangela nokungcola ngenxa yobuthi bayo. Iikhemikhali ze-chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ezisetyenziswa kushishino lokupakisha njengee-agents ezikhupha amagwebu ukuvelisa iiplastiki ezahlukeneyo ze-foam zezona zinto ziphambili ekutshabalaliseni umaleko we-ozone womoya emhlabeni, nto leyo ebangela iintlekele ezinkulu ebantwini.
Ibhokisi yeMacaron
(3) Inkunkuma yezinto zokupakisha ibangela ungcoliseko
Ukupakisha ikakhulu kusetyenziswa kube kanye, kwaye malunga ne-80% yenani elikhulu leemveliso zokupakisha ziba yinkunkuma yokupakisha. Ngokwembono yehlabathi, inkunkuma eqinileyo eyenziwe yinkunkuma yokupakisha imalunga ne-1/3 yomgangatho wenkunkuma eqinileyo yasezidolophini. Izixhobo zokupakisha ezifanelekileyo zibangela inkunkuma enkulu yezixhobo, kwaye izinto ezininzi ezingonakalisiyo okanye ezingaphinde zisetyenziswe zenza eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo nebalulekileyo yongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi izitya zeplastiki ezinefoam ezilahlwayo kunye neplastiki elahlwayo. "Ungcoliseko olumhlophe" olwenziwa ziingxowa zokuthenga lolona ngcoliseko lukhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo.
Ibhokisi yeMacaron
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-14-2022
