Le ndlela ixhaphakileyo yonyusa imfuno yepulp yomthi, ekulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngesantya sonyaka se-2.5% kwixesha elizayo.
Nangona imakethi igqunywe kukungazinzi kwezoqoqosho, iindlela ezisisiseko ziya kukhuthaza imfuno yexesha elide yepulp yomthi eveliswe ngenkathalo nenenjongo.iibhokisi zetshokholethi zesipho
Ngowama-2022, phantsi kwempembelelo embi yokukhawulezisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukunyuka kwamazinga enzala kunye nengxabano phakathi kweRashiya neUkraine, ukukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba kwehle. Oku kukwanempembelelo ethe ngqo nengathanga ngqo kwimarike ye-wood pulp yehlabathi.
“Kusenokubakho ingxubakaxaka yexesha elifutshane kwimarike yepulp yomthi.” utshilo uJohn Litvay, iqabane kwinkampani yokubonisana uBrian McClay & Associates (BMA).ibhokisi yetshokholethi emhlophe
Ngokusekelwe kuqikelelo lokukhula koqoqosho lwehlabathi okucothayo, i-BMA yehlise uqikelelo lwayo lokukhula kwemarike ye-wood pulp ngo-2022 nango-2023. Ukukhula kokusetyenziswa kulindeleke ukuba kube yi-1.7% ngonyaka.
UMlawuli weNgcebiso yoLawulo lwe-AFRY uTomi Amberla uyavuma ukuba imbono yexesha elifutshane inzima ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukukhula koqoqosho okucothayo kunye nemeko yezopolitiko yehlabathi kunokubangela ukuba imfuno ye-pulp yomthi iphantsi.itshokholethi yebhokisi
“Imfuno yempuphu iyatshintsha minyaka le. Ichaphazeleka kakhulu kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho ngokubanzi,” utshilo.
ukukhula nozinzo lwexesha elide
Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zithi amathuba okukhula kwexesha elide kwimarike yepulp yomthi akakatshintshi.
“Silindele ukuba kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 ezayo, imfuno yepulp yomthi iya kukhula ngesantya sonyaka esiphakathi se-2.5%,” utshilo uLitvay.
Kuphononongo olwenziwe kunyaka ophelileyo kwiFederation of Finnish Forest Industries, i-AFRY iqikelele ukuba imakethi ye-wood pulp yehlabathi iya kukhula ngesantya se-1-3% ngonyaka ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2035. U-Amberla uthe olo qikelelo lusasebenza.
UOliver Lansdell, umlawuli wenkampani yeengcebiso uHawkins Wright, uthe into ephambili ebangela ukukhula kwemarike yepulp yomthi kukukhula kokusetyenziswa kwephepha lethishu, ingakumbi kwiimarike ezisakhulayo. Uninzi lwephepha lethishu lenziwe ngepulp yorhwebo.iiresiphi zekhekhe zetshokholethi ebhokisini
“Ekuhambeni kwexesha, silindele ukuba imfuno yephepha lethishu ikhule ngesantya se-2% ukuya kwi-3% ngonyaka.” Uqikelele.
Le ndlela ixhaphakileyo ixhasa ukukhula kwemfuno
Ukusetyenziswa kwezicubu kunxulunyaniswa kakhulu neempawu ezinkulu ezifana nokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini kunye namandla okuthenga abathengi, ezisakhula, ingakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo kwezoqoqosho.
“Iimegatrends zehlabathi zixhasa ukukhula kwemfuno ye-basic pulp yomthi, ngokusetyenziswa ngakumbi kweebhodi zokupakisha kunye neemveliso zethishu. Oku kuya kubonelela ngesiseko esiqinileyo sokukhula kwemfuno yexesha elide. Kakade ke, kuya kuqhubeka kukho ukujikeleza unyaka nonyaka Ukuguquguquka,” utshilo u-Amberla.
Umzekelo obalaseleyo wodidi lwemveliso yokukhula ziimveliso zococeko ezenziwe ngezicubu zomzimba, ezifana nephepha langasese, iphepha langasese, kunye neetshefu.ibhokisi yetshokholethi kaWhitman
Kwangaxeshanye, ngokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila yabemi kumazwe asakhasayo kwezoqoqosho, imfuno yephepha elisekelwe kwi-pulp yomthi kunye nezinye izinto zokupakisha nayo iyanda. Abathengi abaninzi bathenga ukutya okupakishwe kwiivenkile zokutya endaweni yokuya kwiindawo zokuthengisa zemveli.
Ishishini lokuthenga elikhula ngokukhawuleza kwi-intanethi likwafuna izinto ezininzi zokupakisha ukuze kuthuthwe iimveliso.
Ifayibha yomthi endaweni yeplastiki
ULansdell uthe utshintsho oluluhlaza kwihlabathi liphela ukusuka kwizinto eziluhlaza zefosili lunyusa imfuno yepulp yomthi. Izinto ezizezinye kufuneka zivuselelwe kwaye zibe nomlinganiselo ophantsi wekhabhoni. Umzekelo, ishishini lokupakisha, elifuna izisombululo zokutshintsha iplastiki kwiitafile ezilahlwayo kunye neepakethe zokutya.
“Abantu bakwajonga ezinye iindlela zefayibha endaweni yeebhotile zeplastiki. Zombini iifayibha eziphinda zisetyenziswe nezintsha ziyafuneka kwezi zicelo. Ngokuqinisekileyo siza kubona ezinye izinto ezintsha ezisekelwe kwifayibha yomthi kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo,” utshilo.ibhokisi yetshokholethi yesele
Olu phuhliso luqhutywa ngumthetho othintela ukwenziwa kweemveliso ezivela kwimithombo yamandulo. Umzekelo, iManyano yaseYurophu iye yavala ezinye iimveliso zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye, kwaye amazwe amaninzi aye athintela ukusetyenziswa kweengxowa zeplastiki.
ULitvay ukhankanye ukuba imicu yelaphu esekwe kwi-pulp yomthi nayo iya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwimarike yelaphu yehlabathi kwixesha elizayo.
“Imfuno yeefayibha zelaphu eziveliswa ngendlela ezinzileyo iya kuqhubeka ikhula njengoko izinto ezisekelwe kwi-petroleum zithathelwa indawo zezinye iindlela ezingayonakalisi kangako imeko-bume. Ukongeza, ukulima umqhaphu kuphantsi koxinzelelo njengoko kusebenzisa amanzi amaninzi kwaye kusebenzisa indawo ekhoyo yokuvelisa ukutya,” utshilo.indawo yokugcina idatha yebhokisi
ULansdell uyavuma ukuba amalaphu enziwe ngemicu yomthi aza kuphumelela kwiminyaka ezayo.
"IFinland yingcali enkulu ekuphuhliseni ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Nangona imveliso isabiza kakhulu, iindleko ziyehla. Ithuba likhulu kakhulu. Abathengi, oorhulumente kunye nee-NGO bafuna ezinye iindlela endaweni ye-polyester kunye ne-cotton."
Imfuno yazo zonke iimveliso zepulp zomthi
Zonke iimveliso zepulp zomthi zinamathuba amahle okukhula kwexesha elide, utshilo u-Amberla.
"I-Megatrends iza kuba nefuthe elihle kwimfuno ye-softwood efakwe i-bleach ne-nonbleached kunye ne-hardwood pulp."
Izinto ezisetyenziswa njengethishu, izinto zokupakisha kunye nephepha leofisi zifuna umthi othambileyo otyhidiweyo kunye ne-hardwood pulp. Imfuno ye-pulp yomthi ongatyhidiweyo ibangelwa kukupakisha, okuyimfuneko ekuthuthweni kwezinto zokuthenga kwi-intanethi kunye nokutya.
“Imfuno yepulp yomthi engaxutywanga iyanda ngenxa yemiqathango yokungenisa eTshayina ephepha eliphinda lisetyenziswe. Kwimveliso yeebhodi zokupakisha, kufuneka kutshintshwe ifayibha entsha,” utshilo uLitvay.ibhokisi yobhaliso lobusuku bomhla wokudibana
Ukutyala Izityalo Kwihlabathi Lonke Kwizinto Ezingasetyenzwanga Zefosili
Olu tshintsho lunyusa imfuno yepulp yomthi.
Silindele ukuba kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20 ezayo,
Imfuno yepulp yomthi iya kukhula ngesantya esiphakathi se-2.5%.
Ukugxila Ekukhuleni Kwiimarike zaseAsia
Kwixesha elizayo, iTshayina iza kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwimarike yehlabathi yepulp yomthi. Isabelo seTshayina sokusetyenziswa kwepulp kwimarike sinyuke saya kuthi ga kwi-40%.
“Ishishini laseTshayina lephepha nebhodi yephepha sele likhulu kakhulu kwaye liza kuqhubeka likhula kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, kodwa ngesantya esiphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, kusenokubakho ukungoneli kweefayibha zasekhaya,” utshilo uLansdell.ubhaliso lwebhokisi yomhla
Ukongeza eTshayina, imfuno ye-pulp yomthi kwamanye amazwe asakhasayo nayo iyanda. Umzekelo, i-Indonesia, iVietnam, ne-India zonke zikhula ngeeklasi eziphakathi, nangona zikwinqanaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso.
I-Indian Paper Manufacturers Association (IPMA) ilindele ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwephepha eIndiya kukhule nge-6-7% kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
“Kwiindawo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela, kukho ubuninzi beenkuni. I-pulp yemarike yeyona ndlela ingabizi kakhulu yezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiifektri zephepha zasekuhlaleni, kuba ayibizi kakhulu ukuthutha iimveliso ezifana nephepha lethishu ngaphesheya kolwandle.” utshilo u-Amberla.
Imfuno yehlabathi yepulp yomthi ikwabangelwa kukwehla komthamo wefayibha ephinda isetyenziswe esemgangathweni ophezulu ngenxa yokuncipha kokusetyenziswa kwephepha lokuprinta nokubhala eYurophu naseMntla Melika, utshilo.
"Xa kusenziwa iimveliso ezintsha, iphepha elingasetyenziswanga elingasetyenziswanga kufuneka litshintshwe ngefayibha entsha."
Ukunyuka kokuguquguquka kwimarike yepulp yomthi
Ukuqikelela amaxabiso e-pulp yomthi akukaze kube lula, kwaye u-Amberla uthe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuguqukayo kubangela imingeni eyongezelelweyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba iTshayina ibe ngomnye wabathengi abakhulu be-pulp yomthi kwihlabathi liphela.
"Imarike yepulp yomthi yaseTshayina iyinto eqikelelwayo. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwimveliso yeemitshini zepulp yomthi zasekuhlaleni, ukukhula kwamandla emveliso yepulp yomthi yaseTshayina kuya kwandisa ukuguquguquka."
Xa amaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza ezenziwe ngamaplanga asekhaya kunye neetships zomthi ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe esezantsi, kuyanceda ukugcina iifektri zisebenza ngokupheleleyo. Kwimeko yezinto eziluhlaza ezibizayo, kusetyenziswa i-pulp ethengiswayo ngakumbi ekwenzeni iphepha eTshayina.ibhokisi yobusuku bokudibana
Utshintsho ekunikezelweni kwe-pulp yemithi kwihlabathi liphela luye lwandisa ukuguquguquka kwimarike ye-pulp yemithi yehlabathi. U-Amberla uthe ukothuka kwakutshanje kokunikezelwa kwemveliso kube nzima kakhulu kunesiqhelo ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.
Ubhubhane we-COVID-19 uphazamise imveliso kunye neekhonkco zokubonelela kwezinye iifektri eMntla Melika nakwezinye iindawo. Ukuxinana kwiindawo ezinkulu zokungenisa amanzi kunye nokunqongophala kweekhonteyina ngamanye amaxesha kuchaphazele nokuthunyelwa kweepulp.
Utshintsho lwemozulu lukwachaphazela imarike ye-wood pulp. Iimeko zemozulu ezingaqhelekanga ziye zaphazamisa ukusebenza kwezityalo zemveliso eCanada, umzekelo, kwaye izikhukula kunye nokudilika komhlaba okubangelwe yimvula enkulu kunyaka ophelileyo kuphazamise unxibelelwano lweendlela kunye noololiwe eBritish Columbia.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-22-2023
