Tikanga tākai papa

Tikanga tākai papa

He ipu te papa e whakamahia ana hei whakarārangi i ngā taonga i tētahi āhua, ā, ka taea te uta, te tango me te kawe. Ko te tākai papa he tikanga tākai whakakotahi e whakakotahi ana i ētahi kete, taonga rānei ki tētahi wāhanga whakahaere motuhake i runga i tētahi huarahi. He pai mō ngā mahi kawe uta me te tango miihini, e āwhina ana i te whakahaere whare putunga hou, ā, ka taea te whakapai ake i te uta me te tango me te whai huatanga o te kawe taonga. Taumata whakahaere whare putunga.

 1. Te tukanga tākai papa otākai keke ritenga UK

(1)Te takai papa me ōna āhuatanga Ko ngā painga o te takai papa he pai te mahi whānui, he maeneene, he pumau te whakarārangi, ka taea te karo i te takanga o ngā kete ki roto i ngā pouaka i te wā e rongoa ana, e uta ana, e tango ana, e kawe ana me ētahi atu tukanga tohanga. He pai mō te uta, te tango me te kawe i ngā mīhini nui. Ki te whakatauritea ki te whakawhirinaki ki te tangata me ngā mīhini iti ki te uta me te tango i ngā kete iti, ka taea te whakapai ake i tōna whai huatanga mahi, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te tukinga, te hinganga, te maka me te whakahaere uaua o ngā taonga i te wā e rongoa ana, e uta ana me te tango ana, e kawe ana me ētahi atu tukanga tohanga, kia mau ai te Haumarutanga o te hurihanga utanga. Heoi, ka piki ake te utu o te hanga me te tiaki i ngā kete, ā, me hoko mai i ngā mīhini whakahaere e tika ana. E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga e pā ana ki te whakamahi i te papatākai keke ritenga UKMā te whakamahi i te takai taketake ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu tohatoha, tae atu ki te whakahekenga 45% mō ngā taputapu kāinga, te whakahekenga 60% mō ngā hua pepa, te whakahekenga 55% mō ngā kai, me te whakahekenga 15% mō ngā pereki karāhe papatahi me ngā pereki ātete ahi.

(2)Ngā tikanga whakarārangi papa E whā ngā tikanga whakarārangi papa e whakamahia whānuitia ana, arā, te momo taupatupatu māmā, te momo whakarara whakamua me te whakamuri, te momo whakawhiti me te momo whakarara hurihuri, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 7-18. He rerekē ngā tikanga whakarārangi papa, ā, me whiriwhiri i runga i te āhuatanga.

Ko ngā āhua hanganga matua o ngā pēke ipu ko ngā pēke ipu porotaka, ngā pēke ipu tapawhā, ngā pēke ipu kōniko, ngā pēke ipu momo-tārai, ngā pēke ipu momo-taura me ngā pēke ipu āhua-pouaka takai. He putanga uta engari kāore he putanga tango. He whitiki here tōna e hiritia ana. He ngāwari te uta me te tango. He whitiki anō hoki hei whakahaere i te uta. Hei whakamutunga, ka taea te hiki mā te matau, he ngāwari ki te whakahaere. He pai te mahi hiri o tēnei momo pēke ipu, he kaha pai, kāore e ngāwari ki te whati, he iti te utu, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā wā maha. He mama, he iti hoki ngā pēke ipu kau, he iti noa te wāhi e nohoia ana ina hangarua.

He tapawhā rite te tinana o te putea o te putea ipu tapawhā, ā, he rite tonu te toenga o te putea ki te putea ipu porowhita māmā. Ka taea te whakaiti i te teitei o te putea ipu tapawhā me te kaha ōrite mā te 20% ki te whakataurite ki te putea ipu porotaka, ka pai ake te pumau o te puranga. , he nui ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hanga putea, ā, kotahi noa te whakamahinga. Ka taea e te putea ipu kōniko te whakapai ake i te pumau o te putea ipu. Ko te wāhanga matua he kōniko me te tihi iti me te raro nui. He rite tonu tēnei momo putea ipu ki te putea tuwhera me te kakau. He rite te whakatuwheratanga mō te uta me te tango. He iti te kaha uta, ā, he pai mō te whakamahi kotahi. Ko ngā putea ipu e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā putea kānawehi rapa, ngā putea kānawehi polyvinyl chloride me ngā putea ipu whatu.

He ipu ngāwari anō hoki te kupenga ipu, ka taea te pupuri i te 1 ki te 5 tana o ngā hua iti kua pēkehia, pērā i te witi, ngā hua o te rohe, ngā hua rākau, ngā huawhenua, ngā mea māmā o ia rā, ngā taputapu hākinakina, me ētahi atu. Ko te tikanga, me whai āhua pumau ngā rauemi. He māmā te taumaha o te kupenga ipu, he iti te utu, he iti ake te wāhi e nohoia ana i te wā e kawe ana, e hangarua ana hoki, ā, he tino watea te whakamahi. Ko ngā kupenga ipu e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā kupenga ipu momo kōpae me ngā kupenga ipu momo pouaka.

 

Ko ngā rauemi here e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te waea rino, ngā whitiki rino, te polyester, te nairona, te polyethylene, te polypropylene, te polyvinyl chloride me ētahi atu whitiki whitiki kirihou me ngā whitiki whitiki whakapakari. Ko te waea rino te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei here i ngā mea pakari pēnei i ngā kōtaha whakarewa, ngā paipa, ngā pereki, ngā pouaka rakau, me ētahi atu. Ina herea ngā pouaka rakau, ka whakauruhia ki ngā taha me ngā kokonga o ngā pouaka rakau. Ko ngā whitiki rino te momo whitiki he kaha kume teitei. He iti te tere whakawhanui, ā, kāore e pāngia e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te rā me te pāmahana. He tino pai te kaha pupuri kume, ā, ka taea te tu atu ki te kume o ngā taonga kua pēhia he kaha teitei, engari he ngāwari ki te waikura. He kaha kume me te ātete pānga ngā whitiki Polycool, he pai ngā āhuatanga whakaora tere me ngā kaha pupuri kume, he pai te ātete matū, ā, he pai te rokiroki mō te wā roa. Ka taea e rātou te whakakapi i ngā whitiki rino mō te tākai i ngā taonga taumaha. He tere te kume, he kaha ngā whitiki nairona, he pai te ātete kakahu, te ātete piko, te ātete wai, te ātete matū, ā, he mama te taumaha. Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō te tākai me te tākai i ngā taonga taumaha, ngā papa, me ētahi atu. He rauemi whitiki pai rawa atu ngā whitiki polyethylene mō ngā mahi toi. He pai te ātete ki te wai, ā, he pai mō te here i ngā hua ahuwhenua he nui te makuku. Ka taea e rātou te pupuri i te āhua pono me te pumau, he pumau i te wā e rongoa ana, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakamahi. He mama, he ngawari, he kaha, he ātete ki te wai ngā whitiki polypropylene.

 

Te kounga otākai keke ritenga UKKa pā tika ki te haumaru o ngā hua kua tākaihia i roto i te tukanga tohatoha. Mā te tākai papareti whaitake ka taea te whakapai ake i te kounga me te haumaru o te tākai, te tere ake o te kawe waka, me te whakaiti i ngā utu kawe me te tākai.

E rua ngā tikanga hoahoa mō te takai papa: "roto-waho" me "waho-roto".

(1) Ko te tikanga hoahoa "roto-waho" ko te hoahoa i te takai o roto, te takai o waho me te papa i roto i te raupapatanga e ai ki te rahi hanganga o te hua. Ka takaihia te hua ki roto i ngā takai iti i ia raupapatanga mai i te awheawhe whakaputa, kātahi ka rite ki ngā takai iti maha, ki ngā rahi nui ake rānei. Tīpakohia ngā pouaka takai i runga i te takai takitahi, kātahi ka huihuia ngā pouaka takai kua tohua ki runga i ngā papa, kātahi ka haria ki ngā kaiwhakamahi. E ai ki te rahi o te takai o waho, ka taea te whakatau i te tikanga whakarārangi i runga i te papa. Nā te mea he maha ngā huarahi hei whakarārangi i ngā kātene kōpikopiko o tētahi rahi ki runga i te papa papa, me whakataurite ngā tikanga rerekē me te whiriwhiri i te otinga tino pai.

Ko te tukanga whakapiri i tētahi tapanga ki runga i tētahi mata pumau, taonga, kete rānei. Ka whakamahia ngā putea tapanga hei tohu i te ingoa, te tapanga, ētahi atu mea rānei o roto. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā tapanga hei whakapaipai, hei tiaki rānei i ngā mea o roto. Ko ngā taputapu mīhini kua oti te tapanga ka kiia he mīhini tapanga.

Te whānuitanga me ngā momo tapanga e whakamahia ana i roto itākai keke ritenga UKKei te piki haere te whānui, ā, ko ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana ko te kāri, ngā rauemi hiato, te pepa konutea, te pepa, ngā kirihou, ngā hua muka me ngā rauemi hangai. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tapanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ki ngā wāhanga matua e toru. Ko te wāhanga tuatahi he kore-piripiri, ā, ko te rauemi turanga he pepa kāore i pania me te pepa pania; ko te wāhanga tuarua he piri-ā-koe, tae atu ki te piri tairongo-pēhanga me te piri tairongo-wera; ko te wāhanga tuatoru he momo Runyuan ka taea te wehewehe ki te momo piri noa me te momo piri matūriki.

Ko ō rātou āhuatanga me ngā tikanga whakapiri ko:

(1)Ngā Tapanga Kore-Pīpiri Ko ngā tapanga pepa noa kāore he pīpiri he hydrosol te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko te nuinga o te pepa he pepa pania taha kotahi, ā, he nui hoki ngā pepa kāore i pania e whakamahia ana. Ka whakamahia tēnei momo tapanga mō ngā taonga nui pērā i te pia, te waina me ngā kai kēne.

by

(2)Ko ngā tapanga piri-ā-ringa pēhanga-aro (e kiia ana hoki ko ngā tapanga piri-ā-ringa) ka pania ki te piri-ā-ringa pēhanga i te tuara, kātahi ka piri ki te pepa tuku kua pania ki te silicone. Ina whakamahia, tangohia te tapanga mai i te pepa tuku ka whakapiri ki te hua. Kei te wātea ngā tapanga pēhanga-aro takitahi, ka piri rānei ki ngā rōra pepa tuku. Ka taea hoki te wehewehe i ngā tapanga pēhanga-aro ki ngā momo e rua: te pumau me te tango. Ka taea e te piri-ā-ringa pumau te piri i te tapanga ki tētahi tūranga mō te wā roa. Ki te ngana koe ki te tango, ka pakaru te tapanga, ka pakaru rānei te mata o te hua: ka taea e te piri-ā-ringa tango te tango i te tapanga i muri i tētahi wā, me te kore e pakaru te mata o te hua.

(3)Ngā tapanga piri-ā-ringa wera. E rua ngā momo tapanga: te momo tonu me te momo whakaroa. Ka piri te mea tuatahi ki te mata o te mea i muri i te paninga o te wera me te pēhanga, ā, he pai mō te whakapiri i ngā mea papatahi, pūkohu rānei; ka huri te mea tuarua ki te momo tairongo-pēhanga i muri i te whakamahana, me te kore e whakamahana tika i te mea, ā, he pai mō te kai me ētahi atu hua.

(4)Tapanga Momo Mākū He momo tapanga piri tēnei e whakamahi ana i ngā momo piri e rua, arā, he piri noa me te piri moroiti. Ko te tuatahi ka pania he paparanga kiriata piri kore-rewa ki te taha whakamuri o te pepa turanga, ko te tuarua ka pania te piri ki te rauemi turanga i roto i te ahua o ngā matūriki ririki. Mā tēnei ka karohia te raruraru miro e puta pinepine ana me te pepa piri noa, me tōna pai me tōna pono tukatuka.

Te tukanga me ngā taputapu tapanga

Me whakapiri te tapanga o te hua ki tētahi tūranga tika. Ehara i te mea me whakapiri pūmau noa, engari me mau tonu hoki ki te tūranga tīmatanga me te kore e neke i te roanga o te oranga o te hua, o te ipu rānei, ā, me pupuri tonu tōna āhua pai. Hei tāpiri, me ngāwari te tango i ngā tapanga i muri i te hangarua o te ipu.

Me hototahi te tukanga tapanga ki te hua o ētahi atu tukanga i runga i tetākai keke ritenga UKraina whakaputa, ā, kaua e meinga te raina whakaputa kia kati. Ka whakamahia e ngā taputapu tapanga māmā he taputapu momo pū hei tāpiri tapanga ki ngā hua, ki ngā ipu rānei. He pai ngā taputapu tapanga haurua-aunoa, aunoa-katoa rānei mō ngā momo tapanga motuhake, pērā i te kāpia mākū, ngā tapanga tairongo-pēhanga, tairongo-wera rānei.

Ko ngā momo taputapu tapanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ēnei:

Ko te tapanga kāpia mākū te tikanga tapanga iti rawa te utu. Kei roto i ngā taputapu ngā mīhini haurua-aunoa māmā me ngā mīhini tere-rahi (600 ngā wahi/min) aunoa katoa. Kei roto i tōna hanganga ko te tuku ipu (momo raina, momo hurihuri rānei), te tuku tapanga (tuku korehau) (te whakawhiti whakapiri-me-te-kohi rānei) me ngā tikanga whakapiri (te whakapiri whānui-katoa, te whakapiri wāhanga rānei), ahakoa he rerekētanga, he mahi ēnei katoa: D. Whakawhitihia tētahi tapanga i ia wā mai i te whare putunga rokiroki tapanga; (2) whakamahia te tapanga pania piri: 3. Whakawhitihia te tapanga piri ki te tūranga e hiahiatia ana o te hua hei tāpiri; @ Whakapūmauhia te hua ki te tūranga tika; 5. Pēhia kia piri pai te tapanga ki te hua; @ Tangohia te hua kua tapangahia

E rima ngā momo piripiri matua e whakamahia ana mō ngā tapanga piripiri mākū, arā, te momo dextrin, te momo casein, te momo māngaro, te momo kapia hangai me te piripiri rewa wera. Haunga te piripiri rewa wera, ka rewa katoa ēnei i roto i te wai.

Ko te Pikitia 6-9 he mīhini tapanga ā-ringa me te tango tapanga korehau. Ka mimiti te pūwero korehau 8 i runga i te pūwero tango tapanga 7 i te tapanga 6 i roto i te pouaka tapanga 5. Ka mahi tahi te aratohu tapanga 9 me te hiriwa 4 o muri hei pana i te tapanga. Ka tukuna te roera tapanga 10 ki te paninga kāpia hiriwa 3 hei paninga, kātahi ka tukuna ki te tūranga tapanga e te maikuku tapanga 12 hei tapanga i te ipu 13 e whāngaihia ana e te tīwiri whāngai 15, kātahi ka pēhia te whitiki pēhanga 11 me te papa pēhanga 14 ka tukuna atu i te raina whakaputa. Ko te āhuatanga o te mīhini ko te tapanga tere-teitei me te whakamahinga o ngā momo piripiri.

Mīhini tapanga tairongo-pēhanga Kua pania ngā tapanga tairongo-pēhanga ki te piripiri. Hei karo i te piri ki ētahi atu mea, he pepa tautoko kei te mata piripiri he rauemi ārai-piri. Nō reira, he āhuatanga noa ngā mīhini tapanga tairongo-pēhanga katoa, arā, me whai taputapu hei tango i te tapanga mai i te arai, mā te wetewete i te rōra o ngā tapanga tapahi-mate me te kukume i a rātou ki te taha o te pereti tango i raro i te taumahatanga. I te piko o te arai ki te taha o te koki koi, ka tangohia te taha mua o te tapanga. Kia tangohia ngā tapanga mai i te pepa tautoko, ka taea te whāngai whakamua mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga rerekē me te pēhi ki te tūranga tika i runga i te ipu.

Hei tauira, ka whakawhitia te ipu i raro i te roera tapanga, ā, ka whakawhitia te tapanga ki te ipu mā te pēhanga mārama i hangaia i waenga i te roera tapanga me te papa pēhanga, ka piri rānei ngā tapanga ki runga i te rūma korehau, i te pahu korehau rānei, ā, ka piri ina tae te ipu ki te tūranga tika; ka taea hoki te pupuhi i ngā tapanga ki te ipu mā te ngaro o te korehau me te tono o te pēhanga hau,