Uburyo bwo gupfunyika amapaleti

Uburyo bwo gupfunyika amapaleti

Pallet ni igikoresho gikoreshwa mu gupakira ibicuruzwa mu buryo runaka kandi gishobora gupakirwa, gupakururwa no gutwarwa. Gupakira pallet ni uburyo bwo gupakira buhuriweho buhuza amapaki cyangwa ibicuruzwa byinshi mu buryo bwigenga mu buryo runaka. Bikwiriye mu bikorwa byo gutwara no gupakurura ibikoresho hakoreshejwe imashini, byoroshya imicungire igezweho y'ububiko, kandi bishobora kunoza cyane uburyo bwo gupakurura no gupakurura ibicuruzwa. Urwego rwo gucunga ububiko.

 1. Uburyo bwo gupakira amapaletigupakira ibikombe byihariye mu Bwongereza

(1)Gupakira amapaleti n'imiterere yayo Ibyiza byo gupakira amapaleti ni imikorere myiza muri rusange, gupakira neza kandi kudatezuka, bishobora kwirinda ko amapaleti agwa mu masanduku mu gihe cyo kubika, gupakira, gupakurura, gutwara n'izindi nzira zo kuzenguruka. Ikwiriye gupakira, gupakurura no gutwara imashini nini. Ugereranyije no kwishingikiriza ku bakozi n'imashini nto kugira ngo bapakire kandi bapakurure amapaleti mato, imikorere yayo ishobora kunozwa cyane, kandi ishobora kugabanya cyane amahirwe yo kugongana, kugwa, guta no gufata ibicuruzwa nabi mu gihe cyo kubika, gupakira no gupakurura, gutwara n'izindi nzira zo kuzenguruka, bigamije umutekano w'imizigo. Ariko, gupakira amapaleti byongera ikiguzi cyo gukora no kubungabunga amapaleti, kandi bisaba kugura imashini zijyanye nayo. Imibare ifatika igaragaza ko gukoresha amapaletigupakira ibikombe byihariye mu BwongerezaAho gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu rugo mu buryo bw’umwimerere bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo kuzenguruka, harimo kugabanya 45% by’ibikoresho byo mu rugo, kugabanya 60% by’ibicuruzwa by’impapuro, kugabanya 55% by’ibiribwa, no kugabanya 15% by’ibirahure birebire n’amatafari adafite aho ahuriye n’ibikoresho.

(2)Uburyo bwo gushyiramo amapaleti Muri rusange hari uburyo bune bwo gushyiramo amapaleti, ari bwo ubwoko bworoshye bwo guhurirana, ubwoko bwo imbere n'ubwo inyuma, ubwoko bwo guhurirana n'ubwoko bwo kuzenguruka, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 7-18. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gushyiramo amapaleti bufite ibyiza n'ibibi byabwo, bugomba gutoranywa hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye.

Imiterere y'ingenzi y'imifuka y'ibikoresho irimo imifuka y'ibikoresho ifite uburebure bwa silindari, imifuka y'ibikoresho ifite uburebure bwa kare, imifuka y'ibikoresho ifite imiterere y'inyuguti, imifuka y'ibikoresho ifite imiterere y'inyuguti, imifuka y'ibikoresho ifite imiterere y'umugozi n'imifuka y'ibikoresho ifite imiterere y'agasanduku. Ifite aho ipakira ariko nta mwanya wo kuyipakira. Ifunze n'umukandara. Yoroshye kuyipakira no kuyipakurura. Ifite kandi icyuma cyoroshye kuyipakira. Amaherezo, ishobora guterurwa n'urushundura, byoroshye kuyikoresha. Ubu bwoko bw'umufuka w'ibikoresho bufite ubushobozi bwo gufunga neza, bukomeye, ntibushobora kuvunika, buhendutse, kandi bushobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi. Imifuka y'ibikoresho irimo ubusa ni mito kandi yoroheje, ifata umwanya muto cyane iyo isubijwemo.

Umufuka w'igikapu cy'igikapu cy'urukiramende ufite umuyoboro wa mpandeshatu, kandi igice gisigaye cy'igikapu gifite ubushobozi bumwe n'umufuka w'igikapu cy'urukiramende. Uburebure bw'igikapu cy'igikapu cy'urukiramende gifite ubushobozi bumwe bushobora kugabanukaho 20% ugereranije n'igikapu cy'igikapu cy'urukiramende, ibyo bigatuma ubwiza bw'ibikapu burushaho kuba bunini kandi akenshi bukoreshwa rimwe gusa. Igikapu cy'igikapu cy'urukiramende gishobora kunoza ubwiza bw'igikapu cy'igikapu. Igice kinini ni agace gato hejuru n'igice kinini hasi. Ubu bwoko bw'igikapu cy'igikapu bumeze nk'igikapu gifunguye gifite umugozi. Gifite umwanya umwe wo gupakira no gupakurura. Gifite ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara imizigo kandi gikwiriye gukoreshwa rimwe gusa. Imifuka ikoreshwa cyane irimo imifuka ya karavani, imifuka ya polyvinyl chloride n'imifuka y'ibikapu iboshye.

Urushundura rw'ibigega ni igikoresho cyoroshye gishobora kuba kirimo toni 1 kugeza kuri 5 z'ibicuruzwa bito bipfunyitse mu mashashi, nk'ibinyampeke, ibikomoka mu gace, imbuto, imboga, ibikoresho byoroheje bya buri munsi, ibikoresho bya siporo, nibindi. Ibikoresho akenshi bisaba imiterere runaka idahinduka. Urushundura rw'ibigega ni rworoshye mu buremere, rurahendutse, rufata umwanya muto mu gihe cyo gutwara no kongera gukoresha, kandi rworoshye cyane gukoresha. Inzira zikoreshwa cyane mu bigega harimo inzitiramibu zo mu bwoko bwa disiki n'inzitiramibu zo mu bwoko bwa gasanduku.

 

Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu gupfunyika birimo insinga z'icyuma, imigozi y'icyuma, polyester, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride n'indi migozi ya pulasitiki hamwe n'imigozi yo gupfunyika. Insinga z'icyuma zikoreshwa cyane mu gupfunyika ibintu bikomeye nk'imiterere y'icyuma, imiyoboro, amatafari, amasanduku y'ibiti, nibindi. Mu gupfunyika amasanduku y'ibiti, azashyirwa mu nkengero no mu mfuruka z'amasanduku y'ibiti. Imigozi y'icyuma ni ubwoko bw'imigozi ifite imbaraga zo gupfunyika cyane. Ifite umuvuduko muto wo kwaguka kandi muri rusange ntigira ingaruka ku bintu nk'izuba n'ubushyuhe. Ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kugumana umuvuduko kandi ishobora kwihanganira umuvuduko w'ibintu bikomeye cyane, ariko ikunze kwangirika. Imikandara ya Polycool ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gupfunyika no kudakora neza, ubushobozi bwiza bwo gusubizamo umuvuduko no kudakora neza, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kudakora neza, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kudakora neza, kandi igumana neza igihe kirekire. Ishobora gusimbuza imikandara y'icyuma mu gupfunyika ibintu biremereye. Imigozi ya nylon irapfunyika, irakomeye, iraramba neza, iraramba neza, iraramba cyane, iraramba cyane, iraramba cyane, iraramba cyane, kandi iraramba cyane. Zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupfunyika no gupakira ibintu biremereye, amapaleti, nibindi. Imishumi ya polyethylene ni ibikoresho byiza byo gupfunyika mu mirimo y'ubukorikori. Zifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi kandi zikwiriye gupfunyika ibikomoka ku buhinzi bifite ubushuhe bwinshi. Zishobora kugumana imiterere yizewe kandi ihamye, zihamye mu bubiko, kandi zoroshye gukoresha. Imishumi ya polypropylene ni yoroshye, yoroshye, ikomeye kandi irinda amazi

 

Ubwiza bwagupakira ibikombe byihariye mu Bwongerezabigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mutekano w'ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse mu nzira yo kuzenguruka. Gupfunyika neza kw'amapaleti bishobora kunoza ireme n'umutekano w'ibipfunyiko, kwihutisha ubwikorezi, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gutwara no gupfunyika.

Hari uburyo bubiri bwo gushushanya uburyo bwo gupfunyika amapaleti: "imbere-inyuma" na "hanze-imbere".

(1) Uburyo bwo gushushanya "imbere-inyuma" ni ugushushanya ipaki y'imbere, ipaki yo hanze na palati hakurikijwe ingano y'umusaruro. Umusaruro ushyirwa mu mapaki mato uko bikurikirana uhereye aho ukorera, hanyuma ukurikije amapaki mato menshi cyangwa ingano nini. Hitamo udusanduku two gupfunyika dushingiye ku ipaki imwe imwe, hanyuma uteranye udusanduku twatoranijwe two gupfunyika kuri palati, hanyuma utwamburire abakoresha. Dukurikije ingano y'ipaki yo hanze, uburyo bwo gupfunyika kuri palati burashobora kumenyekana. Kubera ko hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gupfunyika amakarito y'ingano runaka ku ipaki, ni ngombwa kugereranya uburyo butandukanye no guhitamo igisubizo cyiza.

Uburyo bwo gushyira ikimenyetso ku buso buhamye, ikintu cyangwa ipaki. Imifuka y'ikirango ikoreshwa mu kwerekana izina, ikirango, cyangwa ibindi biri mu bikubiyemo. Ibirango bishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gushariza cyangwa kurinda ibirimo. Ibikoresho bya mekanike byarangije gushyirwaho ikirango muri rusange byitwa imashini ishyiraho ikirango.

Ubwoko n'ubwoko bw'ibirango bikoreshwa murigupakira ibikombe byihariye mu Bwongerezazirimo kwaguka cyane, kandi ibikoresho bikoreshwa birimo ikarito, ibikoresho bivanze, impapuro, impapuro, plastiki, ibikoresho bya fibre n'ibikoresho by'ubukorikori. Ibirango bikunze gukoreshwa bishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi. Icyiciro cya mbere nta kole ifite kandi ibikoresho by'ibanze ni impapuro zidapfutse n'impapuro zipfutse; icyiciro cya kabiri ni ugufata ku giti cyacyo, harimo kole ifata ku gitutu n'ikole ifata ku bushyuhe; icyiciro cya gatatu ni ubwoko bwa Runyuan bushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko busanzwe bwa kole n'ubwoko bwa kole y'uduce duto.

Imiterere yabo n'uburyo bwo gupakira ni ibi bikurikira:

(1)Ibirango bidafata neza Ibirango bisanzwe by'impapuro zidafite kole bishyirwaho hydrosol kandi biracyakoreshwa cyane. Impapuro nyinshi ni impapuro zipfutse ku ruhande rumwe, kandi hari n'impapuro nyinshi zidapfutse. Ubwo bwoko bw'ibirango bukoreshwa ku bintu byinshi nko kunywa inzoga, divayi n'ibiryo byo mu macupa.

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(2)Ibirango byifata byikora byifata byikora (byitwa kandi ibirango byifata byikora) bisizweho kole ifata yifata yikora inyuma hanyuma bigafatishwa ku mpapuro zirekura zisizweho silikoni. Mu gihe ukoresha, kuraho ikirango ku mpapuro zirekura hanyuma ukishyire ku gicuruzwa. Ibirango byifata byikora byikora byikora byikora cyangwa bigafatishwa ku mpapuro zirekura. Ibirango byifata byikora bishobora kandi kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: buhoraho n'ubushobora gukurwaho. Kole ihoraho ishobora gufatisha ikirango ahantu runaka igihe kirekire. Iyo ugerageje kuyikuraho, yangiza ikirango cyangwa ikangiza ubuso bw'igicuruzwa: kole ikurwaho ishobora gukuraho ikirango nyuma y'igihe runaka idakoze nabi ubuso bw'igicuruzwa.

(3)Ibirango byifata ku bushyuhe. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ibirango: ubwoko bw'inyuma n'ubwoko bwatinze. Ubwa mbere buzafata ku buso bw'ikintu nyuma yo gukoresha ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko runaka, kandi bukwiriye gufatisha ibintu bito birambuye cyangwa binini; ubwa nyuma buhinduka ubwoko bw'umuvuduko nyuma yo gushyushya, butabanje gushyushya ikintu, kandi bukwiriye ibiryo n'ibindi bicuruzwa.

(4)Ikirango cy'ubwoko butose Ubu bwoko bw'ikirango ni ikirango cy'ubukorikori gikoresha ubwoko bubiri bw'ubukorikori, ari bwo kole isanzwe na kole y'uduce duto. Iya mbere ishyiraho agace ka filime idashonga ku ruhande rw'inyuma rw'ibikoresho by'ibanze by'impapuro, mu gihe iya kabiri ishyiraho kole ku bikoresho by'ibanze mu buryo bw'uduce duto. Ibi birinda ikibazo cyo kwizinga gikunze kubaho ku mpapuro zisanzwe, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuzitunganya no kuzikora neza. Ingano nini y'ubukorikori.

Uburyo bwo gushyira ibirango n'ibikoresho

Ikirango cy'igicuruzwa kigomba gushyirwa ahantu runaka hakwiye. Ntabwo kigomba gushyirwaho gusa neza, ahubwo kigomba no gushyirwa aho gitangiriye kidahinduka mu gihe cyose igicuruzwa cyangwa ikintu gikoreshwa, kandi kigakomeza kugaragara neza. Byongeye kandi, ibirango bigomba koroha kubikuraho nyuma y'uko ikintu gisubijwemo.

Uburyo bwo gushyira ibirango ku bicuruzwa bugomba kuba bujyanye n'umusaruro w'izindi nzira kugupakira ibikombe byihariye mu Bwongerezaumurongo w’umusaruro kandi ntugomba gutuma umurongo w’umusaruro uhagarara. Ibikoresho byoroshye byo gushyiramo ibirango bikoresha igikoresho kimeze nk’imbunda kugira ngo gishyire ibirango ku bicuruzwa cyangwa ku bikoresho. Ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibirango byikora cyangwa byikora byikora bikwiye ubwoko bwihariye bw’ibirango, nka kole itose, ibirango bihangana n’umuvuduko cyangwa bihangana n’ubushyuhe.

Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu kwandika ibirango birimo ubwoko bukurikira:

Gushyira kole mu mazi ni bwo buryo buhendutse bwo gushyiramo ibirango. Ibi bikoresho birimo imashini zoroshye zikora mu buryo bwa semi-automatic hamwe n'imashini zikora mu buryo bwihuta cyane (ibice 600 ku munota) zikora mu buryo bwikora. Imiterere yabyo irimo gutanga ibikoresho (ubwoko bwa linear cyangwa rotary), kohereza ibirango (kohereza vacuum) (cyangwa kohereza no gufata) n'uburyo bwo gushyiramo kole (kohereza ubugari bwose cyangwa kole igice), nubwo hari itandukaniro, byose bifite imirimo ikurikira: D. Kura ikirango kimwe icyarimwe uvuye mu bubiko bw'ububiko bw'ibirango; (2 koresha ikirango gipfundikiye: 3. Kura ikirango gipfundikiye aho gikenewe ku gicuruzwa kigomba gushyirwa; @ Komeza igicuruzwa mu mwanya ukwiye; 5. Shyira igitutu kugira ngo ikirango gifatanye neza n'igicuruzwa; @ Kuraho ikirango

Hari ubwoko 5 bw'ingenzi bw'imigozi ikoreshwa mu gushushanya kole itose, ari bwo ubwoko bwa dextrin, ubwoko bwa casein, ubwoko bwa sitashi, emulsion ya sintetike ya resin na kole ishyushye ishongesha. Uretse kole ishyushye ishongesha, yose ishongesha mu mazi.

Ishusho ya 6-9 ni imashini ikora ibishushanyo mbonera ifite uburyo bwo gufata ibishushanyo mbonera. Umunwa w'icyuma 8 ku ngoma ifata ibishushanyo mbonera 7 ukurura ibishushanyo 6 mu gasanduku k'ibishushanyo mbonera 5. Ubuyobozi bw'ibishushanyo mbonera 9 bukorana n'ifeza y'inyuma 4 kugira ngo isunike ibishushanyo. Umugozi wo gushyira ibishushanyo mbonera 10 woherezwa ku gipfundikizo cya kole ifeza 3 kugira ngo irangwe, hanyuma woherezwa aho ibishushanyo mbonera binyujijwe mu gipfundikizo 12 kugira ngo ushyireho ibishushanyo mbonera 13 bitangwa n'urushundura rwo kugaburira 15, hanyuma umukandara w'igitutu 11 n'agapira k'igitutu 14 bizashyirwa. Ibishushanyo mbonera birakandwa kandi bivanwa ku murongo w'umusaruro. Imashini irangwa no gushyira ibishushanyo mbonera ku muvuduko mwinshi no gukoresha kole zitandukanye.

Imashini ishyiraho ikimenyetso cy’umuvuduko Ibirango by’umuvuduko bishyirwaho kole. Kugira ngo hirindwe gufatana n’ibindi bintu, ubuso bw’ikole bufite impapuro zishyigikira kole. Kubwibyo, imashini zose zishyiraho ikimenyetso cy’umuvuduko zifite ikintu kimwe, ni ukuvuga ko zigomba kuba zifite igikoresho gikuraho ikimenyetso ku mugozi, akenshi binyuze mu gukuraho umuzingo w’ibirango byaciwe hanyuma bikakurura ku isahani ikuraho irangi. Uko umugozi ugenda uzunguruka mu nguni ikomeye, impera y’imbere y’ikirango irakurwaho. Iyo ibirango bimaze gukurwa ku mpapuro zishyigikira, bishobora gushyirwa imbere hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye kandi bigashyirwa mu mwanya ukwiye ku gikoresho.

Urugero, agakoresho kimurwa munsi y'agakoresho ko gushyiramo ibirango, hanyuma agakoresho kijyanwa mu gakoresho hakoreshejwe umuvuduko woroheje uturuka hagati y'agakoresho ko gushyiramo ibirango n'agakoresho ko gushyiramo igitutu, Cyangwa ibirango bishyirwa ku cyumba cy'icyuma gifunga cyangwa ku ngoma y'icyuma gifunga, kandi bigashyirwa iyo agakoresho kageze aho gakwiye; ibirango bishobora kandi guhumekwa ku gakoresho binyuze mu kubura kw'agakoresho no gushyiramo umuvuduko w'umwuka,