Ko te takai te kupu whānui mō ngā rauemi me ngā ipu e whakamahia ana i roto i te takai, ā, ko te takai te kupu whānui mō ngā hua i muri i te takai. I roto i ngā raina whakaputa takai hou, ahakoa he aunoa katoa, he aunoa-haurua rānei, he mea tito mai i ētahi taputapu takai uaua, matatau hoki. Kia tino mahi ai ēnei taputapu, me whakarato ngā hua takai e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga hangarau, ā, kia pumau ai te rahinga. Ki te kore, ka mutu te tukanga takai, ka heke rānei te kounga o tete takai tiakarete tawhito pai rawa atu o te aoka whakaitihia ngā hua. Nō reira, me whakahaere e ngā kaiwhakarato rauemi tākai me ngā kaihanga taputapu kiritaki te whakahaere kounga, te whakamātautau me te whakahaere i ā rātou hua. Mō te kounga o ngā hua tākai, me aro ki ō rātou āhua me te āhua, me whakanui hoki i ā rātou mahi whakamahi. Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, kua whakaritea hoki ngā whakatakotoranga hangarau me ngā mahi tirotiro me ngā tikanga mō ngā hua tākai. Ina whiwhi te tari tākai i tētahi puranga rauemi, i tētahi ipu rānei, me tirotirohia kia whakatauhia ai mēnā ka whakaaetia. I muri i te otinga o te tākai o tētahi puranga hua, me tirotirohia hoki te tākai kia mōhio ai mēnā he tika. E rua ngā tikanga tirotiro mō ngā hua tākai me ngā mōkihi: ko te tuatahi ko te tirotiro katoa, e tīpako ana i ngā hua kāore i te tika.
Ahakoa ka taea e te tirotiro katoa te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio kounga teitei ake, ka taea anake te mahi mēnā he iti te rahinga. Te rahinga I ngā take nui, he nui te utu, he roa te wā, ā, kāore e taea te karo i ngā turuturu. Mō ētahi tirotiro whakangaro, kāore e taea te mahi i ia wāhanga. Ko te tuarua ko te tirotiro tauira, ko te tikanga ko te tango tauira mai i te puranga hua katoa, ā, ko te kounga o ngā tauira ka taea te whakaatu i te kounga whānui. Me whiriwhiri matapōkeretia ngā tauira kia rite te tūponotanga o ia hua ki te whiriwhiria. Kia tika ai te pono o ngā hua tauira, ka taea te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā tauira. Heoi, mā te whakanui ake i ngā tauira ka piki ake te utu o te tirotiro, nō reira me whai whakaaro ki ngā whakaaro hangarau me ngā whakaaro ōhanga. Whakaarohia ngā āhuatanga e rua kia whānui. Hei tāpiri, he mea tūpono noa te tauira ina kore e taea te whakamahi i te tirotiro katoa. I te wā e tangohia ana te tauira, ka taea te whakakore i ngā puranga whai mana, ā, ka taea te whakaae i ngā puranga kore whai mana. Nō reira, me waha e ia te mōrearea i puta mai i ngā hapa i roto i te whakatau.
Te takai tiakarete tawhito pai rawa atu o te aoKo te paerewa tirotiro tauira tatauranga ko te CB/T2828, ā, ko te CB/T2828.1-2003 o tēnei paerewa e tatau ana i ngā ihirangi o te tirotiro tauira.
whakauru:
(1) Tauwhāitihia ngā paerewa kounga hua, arā, ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō te kounga hua, e titoa ana e ngā kaiwhakarato hua tākai me ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Whakatūria ngā whakaritenga hangarau, tae atu ki te āhua, pērā i te momo rauemi, te rahi me te hanganga o te ipu. Ngā wāhanga o roto, pērā i te taea e te takai te whakatutuki i ana mahi e tika ana mō te tiaki i te hua, te kawe i ngā mōhiohio, me te whakahaere i te whakamahinga.
(2) Whakatauhia ngā hua kāore i te tika me ngā hua kāore i te tika. Ko te kore-tutuki me ōna kāwai e pā ana ki te korenga e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te whakatakotoranga. I te nuinga o te wā ka whakarōpūhia i runga i te kaha o te kore-tutuki:①Ko te Akomanga A te momo kore-tutuki tino āwangawanga. I te wā e whakamahia ana, ka pāngia te mahi o ngā ihirangi, pērā i te takanga o ngā hononga here, ngā hononga whiri rānei o ngā pouaka kōpikopiko, ngā hapa tā, me ētahi atu.
(E whakaarohia ana e te Kāwai 2B te kāwai he iti ake te taumata o te āwangawanga i te Kāwai A he kore e whai tohu. Ka pāngia te mahi a te mea i te wā e whakamahia ana, pērā i te herenga o ngā pouaka kowakawaka, te hinganga rānei o ngā tuitui kua tāia. E whakaarohia ana e te Kāwai 3C he iti iho te taumata o te āwangawanga i te A me te B. Kāore e pāngia te mahi o ngā mea o roto o te takai i te wā e whakamahia ana, pērā i te tānga o te mata o waho o te pouaka kowakawaka ki ngā tae rerekē, ki ngā tae rerekē rānei.)
Ko ngā hua kāore e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga me ō rātou kāwai me tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā hua kāore e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ka huri hei hua kāore e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga. Ko ngā kāwai o ngā hua kāore i te whai tohu koia ēnei:
Ko ngā hua kore-tohu Kāwai A e pā ana ki ngā hua kei roto i tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā hua kore-tohu Kāwai A, ā, ka uru atu pea ki roto ko ngā hua kore-tohu Kāwai B me/ranei Kāwai C.
Ko ngā hua kore-tohu Kāwai 2B e pā ana ki ngā hua kei roto i tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā hua kore-tohu Kāwai B, ā, ka uru pea ki roto ngā hua kore-tohu Kāwai C, engari kāore e uru ki ngā hua kore-tohu Kāwai A.
② Ina kore e whai mana te Kāwai C, ko te tikanga kei roto i te hua tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā hua Kāwai C kore whai mana, engari kāore ngā hua Kāwai A me Kāwai B kore whai mana. (3) Me whakatau, me whakaae rānei te tari whai mana ki te whakatau i te hanganga me te rahi o ngā puranga.(4) Tauwhāitihia te taumata tirotiro. Ko te taumata tirotiro e tohu ana i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te rahi o te puranga me te rahi o te tauira. E 3 ngā taumata tirotiro whānui (I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ) me ngā taumata tirotiro motuhake e 4 (S-1, S-2, S- 3.S-4). Ki te kore e tohua tētahi atu mea, ko te taumata tirotiro whānui II te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana.(5) Whakatauhia te waehere rahi tauira i runga i te rahi o te puranga me te taumata tirotiro. Kei te Ripanga 8-9 te waehere rahi tauira.
te takai tiakarete tawhito pai rawa atu o te aoMe whakahaere te kounga o ngā hua i te wā o te tukanga whakaputa, ā, me whakatikatika ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu kia rite ki ngā mōhiohio i whiwhihia kia mau tonu ai ngā uara āhuatanga kounga kua tohua ki roto i ngā rohe e hiahiatia ana. Whai muri i te whiwhinga o ngā hua takai, me tirotiro te kounga o ngā hua e ngā kaiwhakamahi hei whakatau mēnā kei te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga hangarau hangahanga, me te tirotiro mēnā he kino kitea i te wā e kawe ana.
Te tirotiro kounga o te mahi tirotiro ihirangi ote takai tiakarete tawhito pai rawa atu o te aokoinei te mana taketake o ngā kaiwhakamahi ki te whiwhi hua. Ka taea te tirotiro katoa, te tirotiro tauira rānei. Ko ngā kaupapa matua o te mahi tirotiro ko:
①Whakatakotohia ngā whakaritenga hangarau mōte takai tiakarete tawhito pai rawa atu o te aohua. ② Whakawhanakehia ngā paearu aromatawai. ③ Whakamahia ngā taputapu tirotiro pono me ngā tikanga tirotiro. ④Tuhia ngā raraunga tirotiro. ⑤ Tukuna ngā whakaaro mō te tukatuka i ngā hua tirotiro. ⑥ Tukuna ngā raraunga tirotiro me ngā whakaaro ki te tari whakahaere kounga.
Te whakatinanatanga motuhake o te arotakenga kounga mōte takai tiakarete tawhito pai rawa atu o te ao.
He rerekē te tirotiro kounga motuhake o ngā hua tākai. Hei tauira, ka tangohia te tirotiro kounga o ngā pounamu karāhe, ngā kēne, ngā kātene whakapiko, me ētahi atu. Ka taea te whakamahi i ētahi atu hua hei tohutoro.
1. Ngā pounamu me ngā ipu karāhe
(1) Ngā whakatakotoranga hangarau mō ngā pounamu me ngā ipu karāhe ① Āhua. Ko te āhua taketake o ngā pounamu me ngā ipu karāhe e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo me te nui o ngā taonga kei roto. Kia whakatauhia te āhua o te pounamu, me tuhi he tuhi mahi hei whakaatu i te āhua o te ipu. Ko te tikanga e whakaatuhia ana e ngā tirohanga e toru me ngā tirohanga whakanuia wāhanga, me ētahi atu tirohanga toru-ahu. ②Rahi. Me tuhi ngā āhuatanga nui o ngā pounamu me ngā ipu karāhe ki te tuhi mahi me ngā taunga kua hoatu, me whakauru hoki ētahi atu mea pēnei i te kaha, te kaha rānei. Me whiriwhiri tahi ngā āhuatanga me ngā taunga me te kaihanga nā te mea he teitei me te whānui pumau ngā mīhini hanga pounamu a te kaihanga, e whakawhāiti ana i te āhua me te rahi o ngā pounamu me ngā kēne. Ko ngā mīhini hanga pounamu e whakamahia whānuitia ana ka whakawhāiti i te teitei o ngā pounamu me ngā kēne ki te 25,300mm. Ko te whānui o ngā pounamu me ngā kēne e pā ana ki te maha o ngā pounamu me ngā kēne i hangaia i runga i te wāhanga mīhini kotahi, ā, ko tōna whānui kei waenga i te 12 me te 150 mm.
③Manawanui. Ka pāngia ngā pounamu karāhe e ētahi āhuatanga i te wā e hangaia ana, ka rerekē te āhua me te rahi. Nō reira, me hoatu he whānuitanga rerekētanga, he whānuitanga rānei e whakaaetia ana mō te rahi o te pounamu. Ka pā ngā manawanui paerewa ki te rōrahi (mL), te papatipu (kg), te teitei (mm) me te whānui (mm). Ko te manawanui kaha o ngā pounamu iti me ngā kēne he 15%, ā, ko te manawanui o ngā pounamu nui he iti iho i te 1%. Kei waenganui i ēnei rohe e rua te manawanui kaha o ngā pounamu me ngā kēne rerekē. Ko te manawanui papatipu he tata ki te 5% o te papatipu pounamu kua tohua, ā, ko te whānuitanga rerekētanga teitei he 0.5% ki te 0.8% o te teitei katoa. Ko te manawanui whānui mō ngā ipu he iti rawa te whānui o te 25mm he 8%, ā, ko te manawanui mō ngā pounamu he nui rawa te whānui o te 200mm he 1.5%. Kei waenganui i ēnei rohe e rua te manawanui mō ētahi atu pounamu me ngā kēne.
Kei a ia te rangahau hohonu rawa atu me te hītori e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngāte takai tiakarete tawhito pai rawa atu o te ao.
Kua tino whakapaitia te hoahoa hanganga o ngā hua tākai katoa a Erping mā te hangarau CAD/M. Ko te hoahoa hanganga o ngā hua tākai pēnei i ngā pereti pepa, ngā kātene (pouaka papa, kātene), ngā pouaka hurihuri, ngā pouaka rakau, me ētahi atu. Kua tino rongonui te pūmanawa i te mākete o te ao. Ko ngā pūnaha hui pepa tākai CACM rongonui ko EEKHUSE, ERPA, MARRACH, SERVO, OVATION, me KONGSBERG. Ko te nuinga o tēnei pūmanawa e whakamahia ana mō ngā mahi kōrero tangata-rorohiko. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te papapātuhi me te kiore ki te hoahoa i tāu e hiahia ana ki runga i te mata. Te hoahoa hanganga huihuinga pereti pepa. Ā, ka taea te waea ngāwari ki te whare pukapuka whakairoiro pouaka. Tīpakohia he hanganga polymorphic e pai ana, whakauruhia ngā inenga tinana (roa, whānui, teitei) me te teitei hei whakaatu tonu, hei tā rānei i te hoahoa hanganga pouaka, ka whakaputa i ngā hoahoa tahora tapahi-mate.te takai tiakarete tawhito pai rawa atu o te aongā hoahoa wira tā me ngā kōwhiringa tukatuka pokepokea o muri (pepekea o raro).
Haunga te whakarerekē i te āhua o te kātene mai i te momo pouaka paerewa, ka taea hoki e koe te hoahoa i ngā āhua motuhake i runga i te hiahia, me te tuku i ngā whakairoiro hoahoa me ngā raraunga ki ngā taputapu tapahi laser tapahi pereti, te pūnaha whakairo tuara me ngā taputapu tukatuka maripi tapahi mate, kia rite ai te tapahi mate me te tuara. Te tika o te tukatuka arai. Te whakapai ake i te tika o te kātene. Whai muri i te hoahoa hanganga me te whakapaipai o te pepa, me rite tonu. Ka taea te whakamahi i te tā, te karaihe, te whakapiri, te tā wera, te tapahi mate, te whakapiko, te here me ētahi atu tikanga tukatuka hei whakaputa i ngā kātene e hiahiatia ana e ngā kaiwhakamahi. Hei manatoko i te tika o te hoahoa hanganga kātene, i roto i te whakaputanga papatipu ōkawa, he maha e whakamahi ana i te taputapu tauira kātene mahi CAM hei whakamātautau i te 5-10 tauira kātene, kātahi ka whakarerekē, ka hanga anō rānei i muri i te tono whakaaro mai i ngā kaiwhakamahi me ngā kaihoko. Hei karo i te hoahoa hanganga kātene koretake me te hanga i muri i te whakaputanga papatipu, ka taea hoki e koe te tirotiro mēnā ka tutuki te hoahoa i ngā whakaritenga a te kaiwhakamahi. Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea e te pūnaha CAM tapahi-mate te whakamahi i tētahi hihi laser kaha-nui kua arotahihia hei tapahi i te papa rakau, te papa o te pereti tapahi-mate, ā, ka whakahaerehia e te rorohiko te nekehanga whanaunga o te hihi laser me te papa rakau hei tapahi i te tauira i hangaia e te CD i runga i te papa rakau. Tuia hei pokepoke whakauru.
Te takai tiakarete tawhito pai rawa atu o te aoKua hangaia e te umanga he pūnaha CAD / CAM / CAE hou.
Mā te pūnaha CAD, ka whakatinanahia te taunekeneke tangata-rorohiko hei whakaoti i te hoahoa me te whakarerekētanga o te āhua o te pounamu me te pokepokea ai, ā, hei whakamutunga ka whiwhi i te āhua o te pounamu me te ihirangi o te pounamu e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te tuhi mārama me te tika i te āhua o te pounamu me te āhua o ngā wāhanga pokepokea ai mā te kauwhata. Kātahi ka tukuna ngā tuhi hangarau mā te whatunga ki te taputapu mīhini CNC mō te hanga ā-rorohiko (CAM) o te āhua tika o te ipu me ngā rahinga wāhanga pokepokea ai. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te hangarau ā-rorohiko hei hoahoa i tētahi kaupapa whakatauira mō te tukanga pokepokea ai karāhe hei āwhina i ngā kaihoahoa pokepokea ai kia pai ake te tātari huānga mutunga o te hinonga parison, te matapae i te āhua ahotea o te āhua o te pounamu, me te tirotiro mēnā ka tutuki te ahotea iti i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa. , kia taea ai e koe te whakarerekē anō. Mā tēnei, ka tika ake te tatau hoahoa o te pounamu, ka tika ake te tātari hanganga, ā, ka pai ake te mahi pokepokea ai. Hei tāpiri, nā te tere o ngā rorohiko, kua tino poto te huringa hoahoa pounamu, kua whakaitihia ngā utu hoahoa, ā, ka taea te whakaoti i ngā mahi uaua pēnei i ngā tatau ā-ringa me ngā tuhi ā-ringa i mua i ngā marama i roto i te wā poto rawa.
Ka tere ake te whakahou i ngā hua, ā, ka pai ake te whakataetae o ngā hua i te mākete. Ko te hanganga taketake o te pounamu karāhe ko te waha o te pounamu, te tinana o te pounamu, te raro o te pounamu, me ngā wāhanga pakihiwi me te kaki e hono ana i te waha o te pounamu me te tinana o te pounamu. Ka taea te whakakotahi i ēnei wāhanga o ngā whakatakotoranga, ngā rahi, me ngā āhua rerekē ki roto i ngā momo āhua me ngā hanganga rerekē. pounamu karāhe. Me hiri ngā pounamu karāhe ki ngā tikanga tika i muri i te whakakīia ki ngā taonga kua takaihia hei ārai i te turuturu o ngā taonga tiakarete tawhito o te ao, i te whakaranu rānei i ngā poke o waho, ka kino ai ngā taonga kua takaihia. I runga i ngā whakaritenga hiri, he rerekē anō hoki te hanganga o te waha o te pounamu. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te wehewehe ki te waha o te pounamu karauna, te waha o te pounamu miro, te waha o te pounamu hiri mono, te waha o te pounamu hiri korehau, me ētahi atu. I runga i te tātari i ngā āhuatanga hanganga o ia wāhanga o te pounamu, ka rongoa e te CAD hanganga pounamu karāhe ngā āhua pounamu rerekē (tae atu ki te raro o te pounamu, te waha o te pounamu me ētahi atu hanganga wāhanga) i roto i te pūnaha. Me whakauru noa e te kaihoahoa he iti noa ngā raraunga hoahoa ki roto i te pūnaha. , arā, ka taea te tiki i ngā tuhi hoahoa hanganga e tika ana mā te whakamahi i te mōhiotanga hoahoa me ngā tuhi hoahoa i roto i te pūnaha.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-11-2024
