Gupakira ni ijambo rusange risobanura ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gupakira, naho gupakira ni ijambo rusange risobanura ibicuruzwa nyuma yo gupakira. Mu mikorere igezweho yo gupakira, byaba ari ikoranabuhanga ryikora cyangwa semi-automatic, bigizwe n'ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bigoye kandi bigezweho byo gupakira. Kugira ngo ibyo bikoresho bikore neza, ni ngombwa gutanga ibikoresho byo gupakira byujuje ibisabwa mu rwego rwa tekiniki kandi bikagira ingano ihamye. Bitabaye ibyo, inzira yo gupakira izahagarara cyangwa ireme ry'ibicuruzwaipaki ya shokora nziza cyane ku isi ishajeibicuruzwa bizagabanuka. Kubwibyo, abatanga ibikoresho byo gupfunyika n'abakora ibikoresho by'abakiriya bagomba gukora imicungire y'ubuziranenge, isuzuma n'igenzura ry'ibicuruzwa byabo. Ku bijyanye n'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa byo gupfunyika, uretse kwibanda ku miterere yabyo n'imiterere yabyo, imikorere yabyo nayo igomba kwibandwaho. Muri urwo rwego, hateganywa kandi amabwiriza ya tekiniki n'intambwe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse. Iyo ishami rishinzwe gupfunyika ryakiriye itsinda ry'ibikoresho cyangwa ibikoresho, rigomba gusuzumwa kugira ngo rifate icyemezo cyo kubyakira. Nyuma yo kurangiza gupfunyika itsinda ry'ibicuruzwa, ipfunyika naryo rigomba gusuzumwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba ryujuje ibisabwa. Hari uburyo bubiri bwo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byo gupfunyika n'ibipaki: ubwa mbere ni igenzura ryuzuye, rihitamo ibicuruzwa bidafite ibyangombwa.
Nubwo igenzura ryuzuye rishobora gutanga amakuru menshi y’ubuziranenge, rishobora gukorwa gusa iyo ingano ari nto. Ubwinshi Mu bihe byinshi, ikiguzi ni kinini, igihe ni kirekire, kandi amazi ntashoboka. Ku bijyanye n’igenzura rimwe na rimwe ryangiza, ntibishoboka gukora buri gice. Icya kabiri ni igenzura ry’ingero, bivuze gufata ingero mu bicuruzwa byose, kandi ubwiza bw’ingero bushobora kugaragaza ubwiza rusange. Ingero zigomba gutoranywa mu buryo butunguranye kugira ngo buri gicuruzwa kigire amahirwe angana yo gutoranywa. Kugira ngo ibisubizo by’ingero bigire icyizere gihagije, umubare w’ingero ushobora kwiyongera uko bikwiye. Ariko, kwiyongera kw’ingero byongera ikiguzi cyo kugenzura, bityo ibintu bya tekiniki n’ubukungu bigomba kwitabwaho. Suzuma impande zombi mu buryo bwuzuye. Byongeye kandi, isuzuma ni ikintu cyihutirwa gusa iyo isuzuma ryuzuye ridashobora gukoreshwa. Mu gihe cyo gufata ingero, ingero zujuje ibisabwa zishobora kwangwa kandi ingero zitujuje ibisabwa zishobora kwemerwa. Kubwibyo, bigomba kwihanganira ibyago biterwa n’amakosa mu gupima.
Shokora nziza cyane ku isi ishaje ipakiyeIgipimo ngenderwaho cyo kugenzura ibizamini by'ibarurishamibare Igipimo ngenderwaho cyo kugenzura ibizamini by'ibarurishamibare mu gihugu cyanjye ni CB/T2828, aho CB/T2828.1-2003 ibarura ibikubiye mu isuzuma ry'ibizamini.
harimo:
(1) Kugaragaza amahame ngenderwaho y’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa, ni ukuvuga ibisabwa byihariye ku buziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa, bishyirwaho n’abatanga ibicuruzwa bipfunyika hamwe n’ababikoresha.
Shyiraho ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, harimo n'isura, nk'ubwoko bw'ibikoresho, ingano y'ibikoresho n'imiterere yabyo. Ibice by'imbere, nko kumenya niba ipaki ishobora kugera ku nshingano zayo zo kurinda ibicuruzwa, gutanga amakuru, no koroshya ikoreshwa ryabyo.
(2) Kumenya ibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro n'ibidafite ishingiro. Kutubahiriza amategeko n'ibyiciro byabyo bivuga kutubahiriza ibisabwa n'ibisobanuro. Ubusanzwe bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburemere bw'uko bitakurikije amategeko: ①Icyiciro cya A gifatwa nk'ubwoko bw'ibintu bidafite ishingiro cyane. Mu gihe cyo gukoresha, imikorere y'ibirimo irahinduka cyane, nko kugongana cyangwa gufungana kw'udusanduku twa corrugated, amakosa yo gucapa, n'ibindi.
(Icyiciro cya 2B gifata icyiciro gifite ikibazo kiri hasi gato ugereranyije n'icyiciro cya A nk'aho kidakwiye. Bituma imikorere y'ikintu igira ingaruka ku rugero runaka mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, nko gufatanya amasanduku ya corrugated cyangwa kugwa kw'imigozi ihambiriye. Icyiciro cya 3C gifata urwego rw'ikibazo kiri hasi ugereranyije n'icya A na B. Imikorere y'ibiri mu gupakira nta ngaruka izagira mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, nko kuba ubuso bw'inyuma bw'agasanduku ka corrugated bwacapwe mu mabara atandukanye cyangwa ibizinga.
Ibicuruzwa bidafite aho bihuriye n'ibicuruzwa bimwe cyangwa byinshi bidafite aho bihuriye n'ibicuruzwa biba ibicuruzwa bidafite aho bihuriye n'ibi. Ibyiciro by'ibicuruzwa bidafite aho bihuriye n'ibi bikurikira:
Ibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro mu cyiciro cya A bivuga ibicuruzwa birimo kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu byiciro bya A bidafite ishingiro, kandi bishobora kuba birimo icyiciro cya B cyangwa ibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro mu cyiciro cya C.
Ibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro byo mu cyiciro cya 2B bivuga ibicuruzwa birimo kimwe cyangwa byinshi by’ibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro byo mu cyiciro cya B, kandi bishobora kuba birimo ibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro byo mu cyiciro cya C, ariko ntibikubiyemo ibicuruzwa bidafite ishingiro byo mu cyiciro cya A.
② Iyo Icyiciro C kitujuje ibisabwa, bivuze ko ibicuruzwa birimo kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu byiciro C bitujuje ibisabwa, hatarimo ibikoresho by’icyiciro A na B bitujuje ibisabwa. (3) Kugena imiterere n’ingano y’ibice bigomba kugenwa cyangwa kwemezwa n’ishami ribishinzwe. (4) Kugaragaza urwego rw’igenzura Urwego rw’igenzura rugaragaza isano iri hagati y’ingano y’ibice n’ingano y’icyitegererezo. Rufite urwego 3 rusange rw’igenzura (I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ) n’urwego 4 rw’igenzura ryihariye (S-1, S-2, S- 3.S-4). Keretse havuzwe ukundi, urwego rusange rw’igenzura rwa II rukoreshwa muri rusange. (5) Kumenya kode y’ingano y’icyitegererezo hashingiwe ku ngano y’ibice n’urwego rw’igenzura. Kode y’ingano y’icyitegererezo igaragara muri Imbonerahamwe ya 8-9.
Shokora nziza cyane ku isi ishaje ipakiyeIbicuruzwa bigomba kugenzurwa mu gihe cyo kubitunganya, kandi imashini n'ibikoresho bigomba guhindurwa hakurikijwe amakuru yabonetse kugira ngo agaciro k'ubuziranenge kagenwe kagume mu rugero rusabwa. Nyuma yo kwakira ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse, abakoresha bagomba gukora igenzura ry'ubuziranenge kugira ngo barebe niba bujuje ibisabwa mu buhanga bwo kubitunganya no kureba niba nta byangiritse bigaragara mu gihe cyo kubitwara.
Igenzura ry'ibikubiye mu mirimo yo kugenzura ubuziranengeipaki ya shokora nziza cyane ku isi ishajeni uburenganzira bw'ibanze bw'abakoresha bwo kwakira ibicuruzwa. Bishobora kuba igenzura ryuzuye cyangwa isuzuma ry'ingero. Ibikubiye mu kazi k'igenzura ni ibi bikurikira:
①Tegura ibipimo bya tekiniki kuriipaki ya shokora nziza cyane ku isi ishajeibicuruzwa. ② Tegura ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gusuzuma. ③ Koresha ibikoresho by’igenzura byizewe n’uburyo bwo kugenzura. ④Andika amakuru y’igenzura. ⑤ Tanga ibitekerezo byo gutunganya ibyavuye mu igenzura. ⑥ Ohereza amakuru y’igenzura n’ibitekerezo mu ishami rishinzwe imicungire y’ubuziranenge.
Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryihariye ry’igenzura ry’ubuziranenge kuriipaki ya shokora nziza cyane ku isi ishaje.
Igenzura ryihariye ry’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bipfunyitse riratandukanye. Aha dufata urugero rw’igenzura ry’ubuziranenge bw’amacupa y’ibirahure, amacupa, amakarito apfunyika, n’ibindi. Ibindi bicuruzwa bishobora gukoreshwa nk’ifatizo.
1. Amacupa y'ikirahure n'amacupa
(1) Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki ku macupa y'ibirahure n'amacupa ① Imiterere. Imiterere y'ibanze y'amacupa y'ibirahure n'amacupa iterwa ahanini n'ubwoko n'ingano y'ibintu birimo. Iyo ishusho y'icupa imaze kumenyekana, hagomba gushushanywa igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana uko agacupa gateye. Ubusanzwe hagaragazwa ibitekerezo bitatu n'ibitekerezo binini, hamwe n'ibindi bitekerezo by'ibipimo bitatu. ②Ingano. Ingano z'ingenzi z'amacupa y'ibirahure n'amacupa zigomba kwandikwa ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'imikorere n'ubushobozi bwatanzwe, kandi ibindi bintu nk'ubushobozi cyangwa ubushobozi nabyo bigomba gushyirwamo. Ingano n'ubushobozi bigomba kuganirwaho n'uruganda kuko imashini zikora amacupa zifite uburebure n'umurambararo udahinduka, akenshi bigabanya imiterere n'ingano y'amacupa n'amacupa. Imashini zikoreshwa cyane zikora amacupa zigabanya uburebure bw'amacupa n'amacupa kugeza kuri mm 25,300. Umurambararo w'amacupa n'amacupa ufitanye isano n'umubare w'amacupa n'amacupa bikorerwa ku gice kimwe cy'imashini, kandi umurambararo wabyo uri hagati ya mm 12 na 150.
③Kwihanganira. Amacupa y'ikirahure agirwaho ingaruka n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu gihe cyo kuyabumba, bigatuma habaho itandukaniro mu miterere n'ingano. Kubwibyo, ingano y'icupa igomba guhindurwa cyangwa kwihanganirwa. Ingano y'icupa isanzwe ikoreshwa ku bunini (mL), uburemere (kg), uburebure (mm) n'umurambararo (mm). Ingano y'ubushobozi bw'amacupa mato n'amacupa ni 15%, naho iy'amacupa manini ni munsi ya 1%. Ingano y'ubushobozi bw'amacupa n'amacupa atandukanye iri hagati y'izi mbibi zombi. Ingano y'uburemere ni hafi 5% by'uburemere bw'icupa ryagenwe, naho itandukaniro ry'uburebure ni 0.5% kugeza 0.8% by'uburebure bwose. Ingano y'umurambararo ku macupa afite umurambararo nibura wa 25mm ni 8%, naho itandukaniro ry'amacupa afite umurambararo ntarengwa wa 200mm ni 1.5%. Ingano y'ubundi bucupa n'amacupa iri hagati y'izi mbibi zombi.
Ifite ubushakashatsi bwimbitse cyane n'amateka akoreshwa cyane muipaki ya shokora nziza cyane ku isi ishaje.
Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byose bya Erping byo gupakira yarushijeho kunozwa cyane binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya CAD/M. Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byo gupakira nk'amasahani y'impapuro, amakarito (amasanduku y'imbaho, amakarito), amasanduku yo guhinduriramo ibintu, amakarito y'ibiti, nibindi. Iyi porogaramu imaze gukundwa cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Sisitemu zizwi cyane zo gupfunyika impapuro zo gupfunyika za CACM ni EEKHUSE, ERPA, MARRACH, SERVO, OVATION, na KONGSBERG. Iyi porogaramu ikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa byo kuganira hagati y'abantu na mudasobwa. Ushobora gukoresha clavier na mouse kugira ngo ushushanye icyo ushaka kuri ecran. Ishusho y'imiterere y'impapuro zo guhuriraho. Kandi ushobora guhamagara isomero ry'amashusho y'amasanduku byoroshye. Hitamo imiterere ishimishije ya polymorphic, shyiramo ingano y'umubiri (uburebure, ubugari, uburebure) n'uburebure kugira ngo werekane cyangwa ucape ako kanya imbonerahamwe y'imiterere y'agasanduku, hanyuma utange imbonerahamwe z'imiterere y'agasanduku,ipaki ya shokora nziza cyane ku isi ishajeimbonerahamwe z'ibiziga byo gucapa n'uburyo bwo gutunganya ibumba ry'inyuma (ibumba ryo hepfo).
Uretse guhindura imiterere y'agasanduku uhereye ku bwoko busanzwe bw'agasanduku, ushobora kandi gushushanya imiterere yihariye uko ubyifuza, no kohereza amashusho n'amakuru ku bikoresho byo gukata laser, sisitemu yo gushushanya inyuma n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibyuma, bityo ukareba ko gukata no gukata inyuma bihoraho. Ubuziranenge bwo gutunganya imitako. Ubuziranenge bwongerewe ku gasanduku. Nyuma y'imiterere n'imitako y'impapuro, bigomba kuba byambaye kimwe. Gucapa, gushyiramo glaze, gusiga, gutwika, gukata, gupfunyika, gupfundika n'ubundi buryo bwo gutunganya bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora amakaroto asabwa n'abakoresha. Kugira ngo harebwe niba imiterere y'agasanduku ifite ishingiro, mu gukora ku mugaragaro, benshi bakoresha icyitegererezo cy'agasanduku. Ibikoresho bya CAM bikoreshwa mu kugerageza gukora ingero 5-10 z'agasanduku, hanyuma bigahindurwa cyangwa bigahindurwa nyuma yo gusaba ibitekerezo ku bakoresha n'abaguzi. Kugira ngo wirinde imiterere n'ikorwa ry'agasanduku ridafite ishingiro nyuma yo gukora ku bwinshi, ushobora kandi kugenzura niba igishushanyo cyujuje ibisabwa n'abakoresha. Byongeye kandi, sisitemu ya CAM yo gukata icyuma ishobora gukoresha umuyoboro wa laser ufite imbaraga nyinshi mu gukata plywood, substrate y'icyuma gikata icyuma, kandi mudasobwa igenzura urujya n'uruza rw'umuyoboro wa laser na plywood mu gukata igishushanyo cyakozwe na CD kuri plywood. Dode nk'ibumba ryinjijwemo.
Paki ya shokora nziza cyane ku isiinganda zashyizeho sisitemu igezweho ya CAD / CAM / CAE.
Binyuze muri sisitemu ya CAD, imikoranire ya mudasobwa n'abantu irakorwa kugira ngo harebwe imiterere n'impinduka by'icupa n'ibumba, hanyuma haboneke imiterere y'icupa n'ibikubiye mu icupa byujuje ibisabwa. Byongeye kandi, imiterere y'icupa n'imiterere y'ibice by'ibumba bishobora gushushanywa neza kandi neza binyuze mu gishushanyo mbonera. Hanyuma ibishushanyo by'ubuhanga byoherezwa binyuze mu muyoboro kugeza ku gikoresho cya CNC gikoreshwa mu gukora mudasobwa (CAM) cy'imiterere nyayo y'igikoresho n'ibice by'ibumba. Byongeye kandi, ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa na mudasobwa rishobora no gukoreshwa mu gushushanya gahunda yo gushushanya ikirahure kugira ngo bifashe abashushanya ibumba kubona isesengura ryiza ry'ibintu bito by'ibumba, guhanura imiterere y'icupa, no kugenzura niba impagarara yujuje ibisabwa mu gushushanya. , kugira ngo ubashe kongera kuyihindura. Muri ubu buryo, kubara imiterere y'icupa ni ukuri kurushaho, isesengura ry'imiterere rirasobanutse kurushaho, kandi imikorere y'ibumba ni myiza cyane. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n'uburyo mudasobwa zihuta, uruziga rw'ibishushanyo by'icupa rwagabanutse cyane, ibiciro byo gushushanya byaragabanutse, kandi imirimo igoye nko kubara intoki n'ibishushanyo mbonera byasabaga amezi mbere bishobora kurangira mu gihe gito cyane.
Bihutisha ivugurura ry'ibicuruzwa kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana kw'ibicuruzwa ku isoko. Imiterere y'ibanze y'icupa ry'ikirahure igizwe n'umunwa w'icupa, umubiri w'icupa, igice cyo hasi cy'icupa, n'ibice byo ku rutugu n'ijosi bihuza umunwa w'icupa n'umubiri w'icupa. Ibi bice bifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye, ingano, n'imiterere bishobora guhuzwa mu buryo butandukanye. Icupa ry'ikirahure. Amacupa y'ikirahure agomba gufungwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye nyuma yo kuzura ibicuruzwa bipakiye kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibicuruzwa byiza cyane bya shokora bipakiye ku isi bidasohoka cyangwa ngo imyanda yo hanze ivange, bigatera kwangirika kw'ibicuruzwa bipakiye. Bitewe n'ibisabwa byo gufunga, imiterere y'umunwa w'icupa nayo iratandukanye. Muri rusange, ishobora kugabanywamo umunwa w'icupa ry'ikorosi, umunwa w'icupa ufite imigozi, umunwa w'icupa ufite imigozi, umunwa w'icupa ufite imigozi, n'ibindi. Hashingiwe ku isesengura ry'imiterere ya buri gice cy'icupa, imiterere y'icupa ry'ikirahure CAD ibika imiterere itandukanye y'icupa (harimo igice cyo hasi cy'icupa, umunwa w'icupa n'ibindi bice by'imiterere) muri sisitemu. Umushushanyi akeneye gusa kwinjiza amakuru make y'imiterere muri sisitemu. , ni ukuvuga ko ibishushanyo mbonera by'imiterere y'imiterere bishobora kuboneka hakoreshejwe ubumenyi bw'imiterere n'ibishushanyo mbonera muri sisitemu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-11-2024
