isikoibhokisi yesipho egqunywe ngetshokholethi

Ukukholelwa ukuba wonke umntu uyazi ukuba itshokolethi ivela kwiimbotyi zekoko eziziziqhamo zomthi wekoko wasendle kwihlathi lemvula laseMbindi Melika. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-1300 eyadlulayo, amaNdiya aseMayan aseYorktan enza isiselo esibizwa ngokuba yitshokolethi kunye neembotyi zekoko ezirostiweyo. Itshokolethi yakudala yayisiselo esinamafutha, kuba iimbotyi zekoko ezirostiweyo zazinamafutha angaphezu kwama-50%, kwaye abantu baqala ukongeza umgubo kunye nezinye izinto ezinesitatshi kwisiselo ukuze banciphise amafutha aso.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-16, umhloli waseSpain uHernán Cortes wafumanisa eMexico: ukumkani wasekuhlaleni wama-Aztec wasela isiselo esenziwe ngeembotyi zekoko, amanzi kunye neziqholo, uCortes asibuyisele ngo-1528 emva kokungcamla iSpain, waza watyala imithi yekoko kwisiqithi esincinci eNtshona Afrika.

AmaSpanish acola iimbotyi zekoko zibe ngumgubo, ongeza amanzi neswekile, aze azifudumeze ukuze enze isiselo esibizwa ngokuba yi "chocolate",  ibhokisi yesipho egqunywe ngetshokholethi nto leyo ithandwa kakhulu luluntu. Kungekudala indlela yayo yokuvelisa yafundwa ngamaTaliyane, yaza yasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

 

Ngo-1642, itshokolethi yaziswa eFransi njengeyeza kwaye yasetyenziswa ngamaKatolika.

Ngo-1765, itshokolethi yangena eMelika yaza yanconywa nguBenjamin Franklin njenge "dessert enempilo nenesondlo".

Ngo-1828, uVan HOUTEN eNetherlands wenza i-cocoa press ukuze acinezele umgubo oseleyo kwi-cocoa liquor. Ibhotolo ye-cocoa ecinezelwe yiVan HOUTEN ixutywe neembotyi ze-cocoa ezicoliweyo kunye neswekile emhlophe, kwaye itshokolethi yokuqala emhlabeni iyazalwa. Emva kokubilisa, ukomisa kunye nokurosta, iimbotyi ze-cocoa zicutshungulwa zibe yi-cocoa liquor, ibhotolo ye-cocoa kunye ne-cocoa powder, eya kuvelisa ivumba elimnandi nelikhethekileyo. Eli vumba lendalo liyinxalenye ephambili yetshokolethi.

Ngo-1847, ibhotolo yekoko yongezwa kwisiselo setshokolethi ukuze kwenziwe oko kwaziwa ngokuba yi-chocolate bar ehlafunwayo.

Ngo-1875, iSwitzerland yasungula indlela yokwenza itshokholethi yobisi, ngaloo ndlela inetshokholethi oyibonayo.

Ngowe-1914, iMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuQala yakhuthaza ukuveliswa kwetshokholethi, eyathunyelwa kwidabi ukuze isasazwe kumajoni.

ibhokisi yesipho egqunywe ngetshokholethi, itshokholethi yenziwe ngomxube wezithako ezininzi, kodwa incasa yayo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwincasa yekoko ngokwayo. Ikoko ine-theobromine kunye ne-caffeine, ezizisa incasa ekrakra emnandi; ii-tannins kwikoko zinencasa encinci yokurhawuzelela, kwaye ibhotolo yekoko inokuvelisa incasa enamafutha nethambileyo. Ubukrakra, ukurhawuzelela, kunye nobumuncu bekoko, ukurhawuzelela kwebhotolo yekoko, ngoncedo lweswekile okanye umgubo wobisi, amafutha obisi, i-malt, i-lecithin, i-vanillin kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisayo, kwaye emva kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula obugqwesileyo, itshokholethi ayigcini nje ngokugcina incasa eyahlukileyo yekoko kodwa iyenza ihambelane ngakumbi, ibe mnandi kwaye ibe mnandi.

Iqela lethu likwagxile kakhulu kwiibhokisi yesipho yetshokholethi egqunywe ngemihla yesiko.Izinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku ziiphepha lobugcisa, ikrafti emhlophe, ikrafti emdaka kunye nekhadibhodi, njl. Apha, ngendlela, mandikuxelele umahluko phakathi kwephepha lekrafti eliqhelekileyo kunye nephepha lekrafti emhlophe yeklasi yokutya.

Iphepha le-Kraft lisetyenziswe kakhulu kwiipakethe ezahlukeneyo zokutyaibhokisi yesipho egqunywe ngetshokholethi, kodwa ngenxa yokuba umxholo we-fluorescence wephepha eliqhelekileyo le-kraft udla ngokuphindwe kaninzi kunomgangatho, kuphela iphepha le-kraft elimhlophe lodidi lokutya elinokusetyenziswa ekupakisheni ukutya.

Ngoko ke, yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini?

Ukwahlula umgangatho wokuqala: ubumhlophe

Iphepha le-kraft elikumgangatho wokutya longeza kuphela inani elincinci le-bleach, ubumhlophe buphantsi, kwaye umbala ubonakala umthubi kancinci. Iphepha le-kraft elimhlophe eliqhelekileyo lomgangatho lifake inani elikhulu le-bleach agent, ngoko ke ubumhlophe buphezulu kakhulu.

Umgangatho oHlukileyo 2: Ulawulo loMlotha

Iphepha le-kraft elimhlophe elikumgangatho wokutya linemigangatho yokulawula engqongqo, kwaye izalathiso ezahlukeneyo zinikwa ngokweemfuno zenqanaba lokutya. Ke ngoko, umxholo wothuthu lwephepha le-kraft elimhlophe elikumgangatho wokutya ulawulwa kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu, ngelixa umxholo wothuthu lwephepha le-kraft elimhlophe eliqhelekileyo liphezulu ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko.

Ukwahlula iSigaba sesiThathu: Ingxelo yoVavanyo

Ngokweemfuno zezixhobo zokupakisha ezikumgangatho wokutya kwilizwe lam, iphepha elimhlophe lekrafti elikumgangatho wokutya kufuneka liphumelele uvavanyo lwe-QS, ngelixa amanqanaba aqhelekileyo engaphumeleli.

Ukwahlula umgangatho wesine: ixabiso

Nangona ixabiso lingahlukanga kangako, likwalixabiso elibalulekileyo lesalathiso. Iphepha lekraft elimhlophe lodidi lokutya libiza kakhulu kunephepha lekraft eliqhelekileyo lodidi.

Emva kokwazisa ngokufutshane ngezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, masithethe nangohlobo lwebhokisi esetyenziselwa ukupakisha itshokolethi.

Okwangoku, eyona nto iphambiliibhokisi yesipho egqunywe ngetshokholethiIindidi zezi: Isitayile esiphezulu nesiseko, ibhokisi enesivalo semagnethi, ibhokisi yamakhadi, njl.

Kukho iindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokubonakalisa ekuvelisweni kwebhokisi yesipho ephezulu nesiseko

IEkuqaleniUhlobo lwebhokisi yesipho egqunywe yitshokholethi, ibhokisi yesipho yehlabathi yebhokisi yebhakethi ephezulu nesezantsi ilula kakhulu ekuvelisweni. Iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini, isiciko esiphezulu kunye nesiseko esisezantsi, esilungele ukusebenza komatshini oqhelekileyo. Ubungakanani besiciko esiphezulu bukhulu kancinci kunobungakanani besiseko esisezantsi. Amabhakethi aphezulu nasezantsi Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, imeko engcono yebhokisi yesipho kukuba isiseko sinokuwa kancinci nangokukhululekileyo. Isiciko sehlabathi sebhokisi yebhakethi ephezulu nesezantsi sinokwenziwa njengesigqubuthelo sokugubungela isiseko, okanye sinokugubungela inxalenye yebhokisi esezantsi.

IIsibiniUhlobo lwebhokisi yesipho yetshokolethi egqunywe imihla kukwenza ibhokisi yesipho enomphetho ojikelezileyo. Ukongeza kwisigqubuthelo esingaphezulu kunye nomzantsi osezantsi, kukho isakhelo esongezelelweyo embindini. Ubungakanani bebhokisi yesigqubuthelo bufana nobo bebhokisi esezantsi. Xa ibhokisi yesigqubuthelo kunye nebhokisi esezantsi zihambelana, akuyi kubakho mahluko kunye nokungahambi kakuhle, kwaye ukuveliswa kwebhokisi yesipho enomphetho wehlabathi kungaphezulu kwemilinganiselo emithathu kwaye kubekwe ngaphezulu ngokwempembelelo ebonakalayo; Ingayilwa ngendlela yokuba ukuphakama kwesigqubuthelo esingaphezulu kuncinci kunokuphakama kwesigqubuthelo esisezantsi.

IIsithathuUhlobo lwebhokisi yesipho egqunywe yitshokholethi edityaniswe nebhokisi yesipho yezulu nomhlaba yenziwe ngokufana nebhokisi yesipho yehlabathi elijikelezileyo, umahluko kukuba umva webhokisi yesipho uncamathiselwe ngephepha lethishu, kwaye amacala asekhohlo nasekunene ebhokisi yesipho adla ngokudityaniswa neeribhoni, ezinokuvulwa kwaye zivalwe ngokukhululekileyo.

Ibhokisi yokupakisha izipho enokuvalwa kwemagnethi kukuba umzimba webhokisi kunye nesigqubuthelo sebhokisi azahlulwanga, njengesutikheyisi, kwaye kukho umngxuma oqhotyoshelwe ngasemva. Ibhokisi ye-clamshell yibhokisi yesipho eqhelekileyo, kuba ivulwa kwi-clamshell, ngoko ke ibizwa ngokuba yibhokisi ye-clamshell. . Olunye uphawu lwebhokisi ye-clamshell kukuba iimagnethi zihlala zifuneka. Ezinye iintlobo zebhokisi ngokubanzi azidingi iimagnethi, nto leyo enokuthiwa ziimpawu zeebhokisi ze-clamshell. Ewe kona, olu phawu lukwayingxaki enkulu, njengokuba ukukhetha iimagnethi yinto enzima kakhulu.

Iimagnethi zikwanazo neemagnethi ezicala linye kunye neemagnethi ezicala linye. Ngenxa yokuba iimagnethi ezicala linye zingabizi kwaye zinokufunxa kakuhle, abavelisi abaninzi beebhokisi zezipho baya kukhetha iimagnethi ezicala linye; iimagnethi ezicala linye zikwabizwa ngokuba ziimagnethi ezinamandla. Ukufunxa kulungile kakhulu, kodwa ixabiso libiza kakhulu. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiibhokisi ezithile ezineemfuno eziphezulu. Phakathi kwazo, ubungakanani bemagnethi bumiselwa ngokobungakanani bebhokisi. Ukuba ibhokisi inkulu kakhulu, imagnethi enkulu ingasetyenziselwa ukuyibamba. Ngenxa yobuhle, iipere zemagnethi zasekhohlo nasekunene zihlala zisetyenziselwa iibhokisi ze-clamshell.

Kakade ke, ukongeza kwiibhokisi yesipho egqunywe ngetshokholethi, sikwabonelela ngeengxowa zephepha ezenzelwe wena, izitikha, iiribhoni kunye nephepha lokukopa, iphepha elingashukumiyo.

Imarike ekhulayo iye yandisa ukusetyenziswa kweebhokisi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza ekuprinteni imifanekiso emihle, ukuveliswa kweebhokisi kufuna ukucutshungulwa okufana nephepha elingaphakathi, ukusika iidayi, ukwenza kunye nokufakela iphepha.

Umgangatho wemveliso yenkqubo nganye uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. Ke ngoko, inkqubo nganye ibaluleke kakhulu.

Okwangoku, iibhokisi ezininzi zephepha eTshayina zisaveliswa ngesandla.

Iphepha lokugquma

01 Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo

Izixhobo ezifunekayo ziquka umatshini wokuncamathelisa kunye nomatshini wokucanda; izixhobo ezincedisayo ezifunekayo ziquka i-latex.

02 Amanqaku enkqubo

① Jonga uluhlu lwemveliso kwaye ujonge umgangatho wephepha lebhodi yesikhongozeli. Umthamo oqhelekileyo wokufuma kwephepha lebhodi yesikhongozeli yi-12%.

② Ukulungiselela iglu, umlinganiselo wobunzima bento nganye yi: i-latex emhlophe: amanzi = 3:1.

③ Namathisela iphepha elimhlophe ngaphakathi, ubeke iphepha lekhadibhodi kwipleyiti ephambi komatshini wokuncamathisela, uze ulityhale iphepha liye kubasebenzi kumacala omabini ngamnye ngokwesantya somatshini wokuncamathisela, aze umsebenzisi athathe ibhokisi kuqala. Ikhadibhodi, aze emva koko iphepha elingaphakathi eligqunywe ngeglu, lihambelane nemiphetho emibini eqhelekileyo yekhadibhodi. Xa befumana iphepha, bobabini mabasebenzisane buthule. Ukungakhathali okuncinci kunokubangela ukuba iphepha liqhekeke okanye lishwabane.

④ Fakela i-flattening, faka iphepha lekhadibhodi elifakwe kwi-liner kumatshini wokufulela, beka uxinzelelo kwi-20MPa, kwaye ixesha yimizuzu emi-5.

⑤ Emva kokuba imveliso igqityiwe, zihlolele umgangatho, ubale ubungakanani uze uxhome ipleyiti yokuchonga imveliso, uze uyidlulisele kwinkqubo elandelayo yemveliso.

Izinto zokuhlola ziquka: ukucoceka komphezulu wephepha, okufana neglue egqithisileyo, ukunamathela kunye nokucoceka, njl.

03 Amanyathelo okuzikhusela

① Nika ingqalelo kwimpembelelo yomlinganiselo wokuncamathelisa ekugudeni komphezulu wephepha, kwaye ulawule ukufana xa usebenzisa iglu.

② Xa ufaka iphepha le-lining, kufuneka libe tyaba kwaye libe kwindawo yalo, kwaye iphepha le-lining akufuneki lidlule umda omiselweyo wephepha lekhadibhodi.

③ Iglu elungisiweyo akufuneki ibe ncinci kakhulu ukuthintela iphepha elingaphakathi ukuba lingabhibhi.

④ Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu wephepha ucocekile.

Iphepha Lokwenza Nokugquma

Ukwakha nokufaka iphepha yeyona nkqubo inzima nenzima kakhulu kwinkqubo yokwenza ibhokisi. Umgangatho ungaqinisekiswa kuphela ngokuba nobuchule nangokuzibophelela kwinkqubo yemveliso.

01 Izixhobo, iimolds kunye nezixhobo

Izixhobo ezifunekayo ngumatshini wokuncamathisela kunye nomatshini wokubhoboza.

Iimold ezifunekayo ziquka i-scraper, i-assistant block, i-punching die, isitya seplastiki, kunye nebrashi emdaka.

Izinto ezifunekayo zokuncedisa yiglu eyi-168, iglu efakwe kabini, irabha, i-ethanol epheleleyo, kunye nelaphu lekotoni.

02 Amanqaku enkqubo

① Jonga i-odolo yemveliso kunye neesampulu zemveliso ukuze ujonge ukuba izixhobo zifanelekile na.

② Hlola kwaye uqinisekise into yokuqala ngaphambi kokuba uyivelise ngobuninzi.

③ Hlanganisa umzimba webhokisi.

Beka iphepha lekhadibhodi elisikiweyo etafileni, uze ufake iglu ngokulinganayo kumacala amancinci kumacala omabini; phakamisa amacala amane ephepha lekhadibhodi elincamathiselweyo, ucinezele icala elikhulu kwicala elincinci, uze uliqinise ngeebhendi ezimbini zerabha, I-angle edibeneyo engama-45 ° ibekwe kwi-pallet, ukuzihlola kudlulile, imiqondiso yokuxhoma, emva kokuyomisa ngomoya, yitshintshele kwinkqubo elandelayo.

④ Faka umzimba webhokisi.

Faka iglu ngokulinganayo kwiphepha elingaphezulu lomzimba webhokisi, uze ubeke imilo yebhokisi ngokuchanekileyo kumgca wesakhelo ngasemva kwephepha elingaphezulu;

Beka ibhloko yokuncedisa uze ugobe amacala amane ezantsi nge-engile ye-90°;

Khupha ibhloko encedisayo, songa umphetho owophayo ngaphakathi, uze usebenzise i-bamboo scraper ukuze ucande amacala omane ebhokisi ukuze idibane ngokupheleleyo;

Jika ibhokisi ime nkqo, uze ukrwele imiphetho kunye neekona zamacala amane ngesithupha sakho;

Emva koko faka ibhloko encedisayo, sula izicubu zobuso ngelaphu leflaneli ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle, ukuba kukho ibala leglue, sula kakuhle ngelaphu leflaneli elifakwe kwi-ethanol encinci;

Khipha umoya ukuze udibane kakuhle; gqobhoza imingxunya ukuqinisekisa ukuba imingxunya ikwindawo efanelekileyo.

⑤ Umgangatho wokuzihlola uyaqinisekiswa, isibhakabhaka nomhlaba ziyaqiniswa, inani liyabalwa kwaye ipleyiti yokuchonga iyaxhonywa, kwaye inikezelwa kuhlolo kwaye ipakishwe.

Izinto zokuhlola ziquka: isiphumo sokwenza, isiphumo sokubopha, ukucoceka komphezulu, njengokuthe tyaba kunye nokungaguquguquki komzimba webhokisi, ukuqina kunye nokucoceka, ukukhanya, njl.

03 Amanyathelo okuzikhusela

① Xa kuhlanganiswa umzimba webhokisi, iikona ezine zebhokisi maziqine kwaye zingabi namthungo, kwaye iikona ezine kunye nomphezulu mazibe mdaka. Ukuba ngaphezulu okanye ngaphakathi kuya kubangela ingxaki ephepheni lokufakela. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukudlulisela kwinkqubo elandelayo xa iglu ingomi.

② Xa ufaka iphepha elingaphezulu, qiniseka ukuba uyalisula ngelaphu leflaneli ukuze linamathele ngokuqinileyo, kwaye wenze umphezulu ube mpuluswa kwaye ungabi namaqamza omoya kunye namabala eglu.

③ Xa ukrwela umphetho ngesixhobo sokukrwela, amacala amane kufuneka akrwelwe endaweni yawo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba iikona ezine zingagobi okanye zingabi nemibimbi.

④ Gcina izandla zakho zicocekile kwaye itafile yokusebenza icocekile ukuthintela ukuba imisebenzi engcolileyo inganamatheli ephepheni elisebhokisini.