cov chaw tsim khoom ntim khoom baklava Cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv rau kev sau cov khoom khov kho

 

Cov txheej txheem sau khoom khov kho yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm kev thauj cov khoom khov kho rau hauv cov thawv ntim khoom. Cov khoom khov kho muaj ntau yam, nrog ntau hom, thiab lawv cov duab thiab cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj kuj txawv heev, ua rau muaj ntau txoj kev sau. Cov yam tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab txoj kev sau yog cov duab, viscosity thiab qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom khov kho. tos.

Raws li nws lub cev, cov khoom khov kho muaj peev xwm muab faib ua cov hmoov, cov khoom granular thiab cov khoom pob. Raws li nws cov viscosity, nws muaj peev xwm muab faib ua cov khoom tsis-viscous, cov khoom semi-viscous thiab cov khoom viscous.Nws cov yam ntxwv yog raws li nram no:

1.Cov ntaub ntawv tsis nplaum.Nws muaj cov kua dej zoo thiab tsis lo rau ib leeg ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav. Thaum nchuav rau ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus, nws tuaj yeem muab sib sau ua ke rau hauv lub khob hliav qab. Nws tuaj yeem nthuav dav sib npaug tom qab kev co kom zoo. Hom khoom no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws rau kev sau, xws li cov nplej, kas fes, ntsev granulated, qab zib, tshuaj yej, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tawv. , xuab zeb, thiab lwm yam.

2. Cov ntaub ntawv semi-viscous.Nws muaj qee qib ntawm kev nplaum thiab tsis zoo fluidity. Nws yooj yim rau choj lossis arch thaum sau, ua rau nws nyuaj rau thauj thiab ntsuas. Kev co tuaj yeem txhim kho fluidity. Xws li hmoov nplej, mis hmoov, qab zib, hmoov ntxhua khaub ncaws, tshuaj hmoov, pigment hmoov thiab cov ntaub ntawv granular uas muaj qee qhov dej noo.

3. cov ntaub ntawv nplaum.Nws muaj kev nplaum siab, yooj yim lo rau hauv pawg, tsis yooj yim ntws, thiab yooj yim lo rau cov khoom siv sau, ua rau kev sau nyuaj heev. Xws li hmoov qab zib xim av, txiv hmab txiv ntoo qab zib thiab qee cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg.

Cov txheej txheem sau cov khoom khov kho yog raws li ntau txoj kev ntsuas sib txawv, suav nrog txoj kev sau volumetric, txoj kev ntsuas qhov hnyav thiab txoj kev suav sau. Cov khoom siv thaiv khov kho uas zoo li qub lossis cov khoom siv loj loj feem ntau siv txoj kev suav sau; cov thaiv uas zoo li qub lossis cov hmoov xoob.

 

Muaj ntau txoj kev sau thiab sau cov txheej txheem raws li qhov xav tau kev ua tau zoo sib txawv, uas feem ntau xav tau kev sau kom raug thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntsiab lus thiab cov thawv ntim khoom. Cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj yuav tsum khaws cia kom huv thiab huv, thiab cov khoom phom sij yuav tsum khaws cia kom muaj kev nyab xeeb. Thaum xaiv txoj kev ua haujlwm, cov yam xws li lub cev, xwm txheej, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom, hom ntawmcov chaw tsim khoom ntim khoom baklavaYuav tsum xav txog lub thawv, cov khoom siv ntim khoom, cov txheej txheem ntsuas, qhov tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem, tus nqi ntim khoom, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov hauv qab no yuav qhia txog kev sau raws li cov kev xav tau kev ua tau zoo sib txawv. thiab cov txheej txheem sau thiab cov khoom siv los ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem no.

 

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sau cov khoom ua kua rau hauvcov chaw tsim khoom ntim khoom baklavaCov thawv ntim khoom xws li lub raj mis, cov kaus poom, cov thoob, thiab lwm yam hu ua kev sau. Piv nrog cov khoom khov, cov khoom siv kua muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua kua zoo, qhov ceev ruaj khov, thiab qhov tsis tshua muaj compressibility. Muaj ntau hom khoom siv kua uas yuav tsum tau sau, feem ntau suav nrog ntau hom khoom noj, dej haus, condiments, cov khoom lag luam, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab, thiab lwm yam. Vim tias lawv cov khoom siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg sib txawv heev, qhov yuav tsum tau sau kuj sib txawv. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam rau kev sau yog qhov viscosity ntawm cov kua, ua raws li

Nws yog seb puas muaj roj yaj hauv cov kua thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntws thiab ua npuas dej. Feem ntau, cov kua tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg raws li lawv cov viscosity. Pawg thawj zaug yog cov khoom siv kua nyias nyias nrog viscosity qis thiab fluidity zoo, xws li dej, cawv, mis nyuj, kua ntses, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Pawg thib ob yog cov khoom siv kua viscous nrog viscosity nruab nrab thiab fluidity tsis zoo. Yuav kom nce nws cov nqi ntws, yuav tsum siv lub zog sab nraud, xws li ketchup, cream, thiab lwm yam.

Pawg thib peb yog cov khoom siv kua nplaum uas muaj viscosity siab thiab tsis zoo, uas xav tau lub zog sab nraud kom ntws thiab qee zaum xav tau qhov kub siab, xws li jam, tshuaj txhuam hniav, tshuaj nplaum, thiab lwm yam.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov khoom siv ua kua raug muab faib ua cov dej haus uas muaj pa roj carbon dioxide thiab cov dej haus uas tseem nyob raws li seb lawv puas tau yaj cov pa roj carbon dioxide. Npias, cawv txiv hmab uas muaj roj ntau, champagne, dej qab zib, thiab lwm yam yog cov dej haus uas muaj pa roj carbon dioxide, tseem hu ua cov dej haus uas muaj pa roj carbon dioxide. Txhua yam dej ntxhia, dej ntshiab, cawv liab thiab dawb, cov khoom qab zib, thiab lwm yam yog cov dej haus uas tseem nyob, tab sis cov khoom qab zib yuav tsim cov npuas thaum lawv ntws, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kev faib khoom.

Kev sau kua yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev coj kua tawm ntawm lub tank cia kua, hla nws los ntawm cov kav dej, thiab thauj nws mus rau hauv ib qhocov chaw tsim khoom ntim khoom baklava lub thawv ntim khoom ntawm qee qhov kev ntws lossis kev ntws. Kev txav ntawm cov kua dej hauv cov kav dej nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kawg nkag thiab qhov kawg tawm, uas yog, qhov siab ntawm qhov kawg nkag yuav tsum siab dua qhov siab ntawm qhov kawg tawm. Raws li txoj kev xav ntawm cov txheej txheem kua dej, ob qho xwm txheej sib txawv yuav tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ntws ntawm cov kua dej vim muaj cov xwm txheej sib txawv.

 

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sau cov khoom ua kua rau hauv cov thawv ntim khoom hu ua kev sau, thiab cov khoom siv uas ua tiav kev sau ua ke hu ua lub tshuab sau. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev thauj cov khoom khov rau hauv cov thawv ntim khoom hu ua kev sau, thiab cov khoom siv uas ua tiav cov khoom siv sau ua ke hu ua tshuab sau. Lawv yog cov txheej txheem sau feem ntau siv hauv kev siv tshuab ntim khoom. Cov txheej txheem sau thiab sau yog ib qho txheej txheem nruab nrab hauv cov txheej txheem ntim khoom. Ua ntej sau thiab sau, muaj kev npaj thiab muab cov hmoov, suav nrog kev npaj thawv, kev ntxuav, kev tua kab mob, kev ziab, thiab kev npaj, ua raws li kev kaw, kev kaw, daim ntawv lo, Kev luam ntawv, palletizing thiab lwm yam txheej txheem pabcuam.

Cov khoom siv sau yog kua, thiab nws cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam yog viscosity thiab cov roj hauv cov kua, nrog rau kev ua npuas thaum lub sijhawm ntws. Muaj ntau hom khoom khov rau kev sau, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov granules, hmoov, lumps lossis sib xyaw cov duab raws li lawv lub cev. Qee qhov muaj cov kua dej zoo, thiab qee qhov muaj qee qib ntawm viscosity ntawm qhov chaw. Raws li cov thawv ntim khoom sib txawv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua bagging, bottling, canning, boxing, cartoning, thiab lwm yam.

Cov khoom sau thiab cov khoom sau sib txawv ntawm hom, daim ntawv, kev ntws thiab tus nqi, yog li cov txheej txheem ntsuas kuj txawv. Raws li txoj kev ntsuas, muaj ntim (peev xwm), qhov hnyav (pawg / qhov hnyav) thiab suav (ntau npaum li cas), thiab lwm yam.

Txoj kev sau volumetric yog sau cov khoom siv rau hauv cov thawv ntim khoom raws li lub peev xwm tau teem tseg. Feem ntau muab faib ua hom khob ntsuas thiab hom ntsia hlau, cov khoom siv sau volumetric muaj cov qauv yooj yim, ceev ceev, ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab tus nqi qis, tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm kev ntsuas yog qis. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev sau cov hmoov thiab cov khoom me me nrog qhov ruaj khov pom tseeb, lossis cov khoom uas qhov ntim tseem ceeb dua li qhov zoo.

 

1. Sau lub khob ntsuas

Kev ntim khob ntsuas yog siv lub khob ntsuas kom ntsuas cov khoom thiab sau rau hauv cov thawv ntim khoom. Thaum sau, cov khoom poob rau hauv lub khob ntsuas raws li nws qhov hnyav. Lub scraper khawb cov khoom ntau dhau ntawm lub khob ntsuas, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom hauv lub khob ntsuas raug sau rau hauv lub thawv ntim khoom raws li nws qhov hnyav. Muaj peb hom qauv khob ntsuas: hom nruas, hom tig, thiab hom intubation. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev sau cov hmoov, granular thiab cov khoom tawg nrog cov yam ntxwv ntws zoo. Rau cov khoom siv nrog qhov ceev pom tseeb ruaj khov, cov khob ntsuas ruaj khov tuaj yeem siv tau, thiab rau cov khoom siv nrog qhov ceev pom tseeb tsis ruaj khov, cov khob ntsuas hloov kho tau siv tau. Txoj kev sau no muaj qhov tseeb sau qis thiab feem ntau yog siv rau cov nqi qis.

khoom, tab sis tuaj yeem sau tau ntawm qhov ceev ceev kom txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm.

(1)Hom nruas tas li ntim puv tseem hu ua ntau yam twj tso kua mis hom tas li ntim puv. Raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 5-13, muaj ntau qhov ntsuas ntawm ntug sab nraud ntawm lub nruas. Lub nruas tig ntawm qee qhov ceev. Thaum nws tig mus rau qhov chaw siab dua, lub chamber ntsuas Lub qhov txuas nrog lub hopper, thiab cov khoom ntws mus rau hauv qhov ntsuas los ntawm nws tus kheej qhov hnyav. Thaum nws tig mus rau qhov chaw qis dua, lub qhov ntsuas txuas nrog lub qhov rooj blanking, thiab cov khoom ntws mus rau hauv lub thawv ntim khoom los ntawm nws tus kheej qhov hnyav. Lub chamber ntsuas muaj ob hom: hom ntim ruaj khov thiab hom ntim hloov kho tau, uas tsim nyog rau kev sau cov khoom hmoov nrog qhov ceev pom tseeb ruaj khov. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias tsuas muaj ib qho chaw blanking, qhov ceev sau qeeb thiab qhov ua haujlwm qis.

Hom kev qhwv yog cuam tshuam nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom, cov txheej txheem kaw, thiab lwm yam. Raws li hom kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev qhwv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb hom: kev ua haujlwm tes, kev ua haujlwm ib nrab tsis siv neeg thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg tag nrho; raws li cov duab ntawm kev qhwv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua kev qhwv tais thiab kev qhwv ntswj.

2. Cov txheej txheem qhwv khoom

Cov ntaub qhwv uas quav tau yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim yog: txiav ib qho ntev ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntim khoom baklavacov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv dov, lossis rho tawm ib ntu ntawm cov khoom ntim khoom uas tau txiav ua ntej los ntawm lub txee cia khoom, tom qab ntawd qhwv cov khoom siv ib puag ncig cov khoom ntim, thiab ntim nws rau hauv lub tog raj kheej los ntawm kev sib tshooj. duab, tom qab ntawd quav ob qho kawg thiab kaw kom nruj. Raws li qhov xwm txheej thiab cov duab ntawm cov khoom, kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev xav tau ntawm kev siv tshuab, qhov chaw ntawm cov xov thiab cov duab thiab kev coj ntawm qhov qhib kawg folding tuaj yeem hloov pauv.

Muaj ntau txoj kev qhwv ntawv uas muab tais tau, uas raug faib ua pawg raws li qhov chaw ntawm cov xov thiab daim ntawv tais thiab kev coj ntawm qhov kawg qhib. Lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob-kawg ces kaum-hom tais, sab-ces kaum-hom tais, ob-kawg lap-hom tais, thiab ob-kawg ntau-pleat hom. , bevel hom, thiab lwm yam.

(1)Hom ces kaum ntawm ob sab kawg. Txoj kev no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev qhwv cov khoom uas muaj cov duab ib txwm thiab plaub fab. Thaum ntim khoom, ua ntej qhwv nws rau hauv cov kab sib dhos cylindrical, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qab, tom qab ntawd quav cov sab luv luv ntawm ob sab kawg kom ua cov ces kaum peb ceg lossis trapezoidal, thiab thaum kawg quav thiab kaw cov ces kaum no ib zaug.

teeb tsa

Cov txheej txheem qhwv ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm ob qho kawg yog yooj yim dua thiab kev ua haujlwm kho tshuab yooj yim dua rau kev siv, tab sis cov seams feem ntau nyob rau sab nraub qaum, yog li qhov nruj thiab kev sib khi ntawm qhov qhwv tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov seams ntawm sab nraub qaum qee yam cuam tshuam rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov qauv upholstery. Raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 3-15, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tes, cov seams tuaj yeem dov thiab qhwv kom qhov qhwv nruj thiab qhov chaw ntawm pob khoom du. Thaum lub sijhawm siv tshuabcov chaw tsim khoom ntim khoom baklavakev ua haujlwm, vim yog cov ntsiab cai ua haujlwm sib txawv, qhov kev sib law liag thiab kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Raws li pom hauv daim duab

3-16 yog cov lus qhia ntawm kev quav ntawm kev nce thiab nqis thiab kev txav kab rov tav.

Yuav kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntim khoom, khaws cia, thauj mus los thiab muag khoom zoo dua, cov kev cai yooj yim ntawm cov txheej txheem qhwv khoom yog: D. Siv cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom tshiab thiab cov thev naus laus zis siab heev kom ntev lub sijhawm khaws cia khoom.

(2)Thaum ua kom muaj cov haujlwm yooj yim, sim siv cov khoom ntim khoom yooj yim thiab pheej yig thiab ua tiav kev tsim khoom tsis siv neeg.

(3)Hloov kho thiab paub txog kev faib cov khoom muag sib txawv hauv kev lag luam khoom muag, thiab ua tiav kev ua ntau thiab kev teeb tsa tus qauv ntawm qhov ntau, qhov zoo thiab qhov loj.

(4)Ua kom cov khoom ntim khoom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev muag khoom hauv khw loj, ua rau cov neeg siv khoom paub meej txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, pab txhawb kev teeb tsa cov khoom rau ntawm cov txee, thiab muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov khoom.

(5)Txhim kho kev tsim cov khoom ntim khoom thiab ua kom zoo tiv thaiv kev cuav, kev tub sab thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg

 

Kev qhwv hom twist yog qhwv ib qho ntev ntawm cov khoom ntim rau hauv ib lub cylindrical, thiab tom qab ntawd twist qhov qhib kawg rau hauv ib qho twist raws li qhov kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb. Cov seams overlapping tsis tas yuav tsum tau bonded lossis cua sov-kaw. Yuav kom tiv thaiv rebound loosen thiab twisting, cov khoom ntim yuav tsum muaj qee lub zog rhuav tshem thiab plasticity. Hom kev qhwv no yog yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau qhib. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau rau cov duab ntawm cov khoom ntim. Spherical, cylindrical, square, ellipsoid thiab lwm yam duab yog txais tau. Nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm manually lossis mechanically, tab sis kev ua haujlwm manually yog intensive thiab nyuaj rau ua kom tau raws li cov kev cai huv zaub mov. Tam sim no, feem ntau cov khoom noj twist-qhwv xws li khoom qab zib thiab ice cream tau raug siv tshuab.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom ntswj tuaj yeem yog cov qauv ib txheej lossis ntau txheej. Yog tias siv cov qauv sib xyaw ua ke ntau txheej, cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom siv rau hauv cov txheej sab hauv thiab sab nraud feem ntau sib txawv. Muaj ntau hom kev ntswj qhwv, suav nrog kev ntswj ib zaug, kev ntswj ob zaug thiab kev tais. Feem ntau, txoj kev ntswj ob-kawg yog siv. Thaum ua haujlwm tes, cov lus qhia ntawm kev ntswj ntawm ob qho kawg yog qhov sib txawv; thaum siv kev ua haujlwm siv tshuab, cov lus qhia feem ntau zoo ib yam. Kev ntswj ib zaug tsis tshua siv thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom qab zib zoo, lollipops, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab dej cawv, raws li pom hauv Daim Duab 3-27. Hom ntswj ob-kawg yog pom hauv Daim Duab 3-28, thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom qab zib ib txwm muaj.