abavelisi bokupakisha i-baklava Itekhnoloji yokuzalisa eqinileyo kunye nezixhobo

 

Inkqubo yokuzalisa izinto eziqinileyo ibhekisa kwinkqubo yokusebenza yokulayisha izinto eziqinileyo kwizikhongozeli zokupakisha. Uluhlu lwezinto eziqinileyo lubanzi kakhulu, luneentlobo ezininzi, kwaye iimilo zazo kunye neempawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali nazo zahlukile kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzalisa. Izinto eziphambili ezimisela indlela yokuzalisa yimilo, ukuxinana kunye nokuzinza koxinano lwezinto eziqinileyo. linda.

Izinto eziqinileyo zinokwahlulwa zibe zizinto ezicoliweyo, izinto eziziigranular kunye nezinto eziluthuli ngokwemeko yazo yomzimba. Ngokwe-viscosity yayo, inokwahlulwa ibe zizinto ezingezizo ezixineneyo, izinto ezixineneyo kunye nezinto ezixineneyo.Iimpawu zayo zezi zilandelayo:

1.Izinto ezinganamatheliyo.Inobumanzi obuhle kwaye ayinamatheli kwenye kwenye kubushushu begumbi. Xa igalelwe kwindawo ethe tyaba, ingaqokelelwa ngokwendalo ibe yimo yekhowuni. Ingasasazwa ngokulinganayo emva kokungcangcazela okufanelekileyo. Olu hlobo lwezinto zezona kulula ukuzizalisa, ezifana neenkozo, ikofu, ityuwa egayiweyo, iswekile, iti, kunye neziqhamo eziqinileyo. , isanti, njl.

2. Izinto ezithambileyo nezixineneyo.Inomlinganiselo othile wokunamathela kwaye ayiguquguquki kakuhle. Kulula ukuyidibanisa okanye ukuyigoba xa igcwaliswa, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyithutha nokuyilinganisa. Ukungcangcazela kunokuphucula ukuguquguquka kwayo. Njengomgubo, umgubo wobisi, iswekile, umgubo wokuhlamba, umgubo wamayeza, umgubo wepigment kunye nezinto ezinamagqabi aqulethe umlinganiselo othile wokufuma.

3. izinto ezincamathelayo.Inamathela kakhulu, inamathela ngokulula kumaqela, ayinamanzi amaninzi, kwaye inamathela lula kwizixhobo zokuzalisa, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuzalisa. Ezifana nomgubo weswekile emdaka, iziqhamo ezinencasa kunye nezinye izinto ezikrwada zeekhemikhali.

Inkqubo yokuzalisa izinto eziqinileyo isekelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa, kubandakanya indlela yokuzalisa ngobuninzi, indlela yokuzalisa ngobunzima kunye nendlela yokubala yokuzalisa. Izixhobo zebhloko eziqinileyo ezimile rhoqo okanye izixhobo ezinkulu ezinamaqhekeza zihlala zisebenzisa indlela yokubala yokuzalisa; iibhloko ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga okanye umgubo okhululekileyo.

 

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokugcwalisa nokugcwalisa ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, ezihlala zifuna ukuzaliswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kungabikho monakalo kwizinto eziqulethweyo kunye nezikhongozeli zokupakisha. Ukutya kunye nezinto zamayeza kufuneka zigcinwe zicocekile kwaye zicocekile, kwaye iimpahla eziyingozi kufuneka zigcinwe zikhuselekile. Xa ukhetha indlela yokucwangcisa, izinto ezifana nemeko yomzimba, uhlobo, kunye nexabiso lento, uhloboabavelisi bokupakisha i-baklavaisikhongozeli, izixhobo zokupakisha, iindlela zokulinganisa, ukuchaneka kwenkqubo, iindleko zokupakisha, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kulandelayo kuza kwazisa ukuzaliswa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, kunye neenkqubo zokugcwalisa kunye nezixhobo ukuze kugqitywe ezi nkqubo.

 

Ukusebenza kokuzalisa iimveliso zolweloabavelisi bokupakisha i-baklavaIzikhongozeli zokupakisha ezifana neebhotile, iitoti, iibhareli, njl.njl. zibizwa ngokuba kukuzalisa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto eziqinileyo, izinto ezingamanzi zineempawu zokufuma okuhle, uxinano oluzinzileyo, kunye nokucinezeleka okuphantsi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto ezingamanzi ekufuneka zizaliswe, ikakhulu kubandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya, iziselo, iziqholo, iimveliso zoshishino, izinto ezikrwada zeekhemikhali, amayeza, izibulali-zinambuzane, njl.njl. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zazo zomzimba nezekhemikhali zahlukile kakhulu, iimfuno zokuzalisa nazo zahlukile. Into ephambili echaphazela ukuzalisa kukuxinana kolwelo, kulandele

Kukuba ingaba kukho igesi enyibilikisiweyo kulwelo kunye nemeko yokuhamba nokuphuma kwegwebu. Ngokubanzi, ulwelo lunokwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezintathu ngokwe-viscosity yazo. Udidi lokuqala lulwelo olubhityileyo olune-viscosity ephantsi kunye nokuphuma kakuhle, njengamanzi, iwayini, ubisi, isosi yesoya, ii-potions, njl. Udidi lwesibini lulwelo olubhityileyo olune-viscosity ephakathi kunye nokuphuma kakubi. Ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokuphuma kwalo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe amandla angaphandle, njenge-ketchup, i-cream, njl.

Udidi lwesithathu zizinto ezinamathelayo zolwelo ezinoburhabaxa obuphezulu kunye nokungaguquguquki kakuhle, ezifuna amandla angaphandle ukuze zihambe kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zifuna amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okuzalisa, njengejam, i-toothpaste, i-paste, njl.njl.

Ukongeza, izinto ezingamanzi zahlulwe zibe ziziselo ezinekhabhoni kunye neziselo ezingashukumiyo ngokwendlela ezinyibilikiswe ngayo igesi yekhabhoni diokside. Ibhiya, iwayini ekhazimlayo, i-champagne, i-soda, njl.njl. ziziselo ezinekhabhoni, ezaziwa ngokuba ziziselo ezinekhabhoni. Zonke iintlobo zamanzi aneminerali, amanzi acocekileyo, iwayini ebomvu nemhlophe, iziselo ezishukumiyo, njl.njl. zonke ziziselo ezishukumiyo, kodwa iziselo ezishukumiyo ziya kuvelisa amaqamza xa ziphuma, nto leyo echaphazela isondlo.

Ukuzaliswa kolwelo yinkqubo yokukhupha ulwelo kwitanki yokugcina ulwelo, uludlulise ngepayipi, uze ulufake kwiabavelisi bokupakisha i-baklava isikhongozeli sokupakisha ngesantya esithile sokuhamba okanye isantya sokuhamba. Ukuhamba kolwelo kumbhobho kuxhomekeke kumahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwesiphelo sokungena kunye nesiphelo sokuphuma, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo lwesiphelo sokungena kufuneka lube phezulu kunoxinzelelo lwesiphelo sokuphuma. Ngokwethiyori ye-fluid mechanics, iimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ziya kwenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokuhamba kolwelo ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo ezisisiseko.

 

Ukusebenza kokugcwalisa iimveliso ezingamanzi kwizikhongozeli zokupakisha kubizwa ngokuba kukugcwalisa, kwaye izixhobo ezizalisa ngokudibeneyo zibizwa ngokuba ngumatshini wokugcwalisa. Ukusebenza kokulayisha iimveliso eziqinileyo kwizikhongozeli zokupakisha kubizwa ngokuba kukugcwalisa, kwaye izixhobo ezizalisa ngokudibeneyo zibizwa ngokuba ngoomatshini bokugcwalisa. Zezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuzaliseni ubuchwepheshe bokupakisha. Inkqubo yokuzalisa nokuzalisa yinkqubo ephakathi kwinkqubo yokupakisha. Ngaphambi kokuzalisa nokuzalisa, kukho ukulungiswa nokubonelelwa komgubo, kubandakanya ukulungiswa kwezikhongozeli, ukucoca, ukubulala iintsholongwane, ukomisa, kunye nokulungiselela, kulandele ukuvala, ukuvala, ukulebhelisha, ukuPrinta, ukufaka iipalethi kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezincedisayo.

Izinto zokuzalisa zilulwelo, kwaye izinto ezibangela impembelelo kakhulu kukuxinana kunye nomxholo wegesi, kunye nokugqwala ngexesha lokuhamba kwamanzi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziqinileyo zokuzalisa, ezinokwahlulwa zibe ziigranules, iipowders, amaqhuma okanye iimilo ezixutyiweyo ngokwemeko yazo yomzimba. Ezinye zinobumanzi obuhle, kwaye ezinye zinomlinganiselo othile wokuxinana phezu komhlaba. Ngokwezikhongozeli ezahlukeneyo zokupakishwa, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziingxowa, ukuzifaka ebhotileni, ukugalela kwiinkonkxa, ibhokisi, ukugalela kwiikhathoni, njl.

Izinto zokuzalisa nezokugcwalisa zahlukile ngohlobo, imo, ukunyibilika kunye nexabiso, ngoko ke iindlela zokulinganisa nazo zahlukile. Ngokwendlela yokulinganisa, kukho umthamo (umthamo), ubunzima (ubunzima/ubunzima) kunye nokubala (ubuninzi), njl.

Indlela yokuzalisa ngobuninzi kukugcwalisa izinto kwizikhongozeli zokupakisha ngokomthamo omiselweyo. Zahlulwe ngokubanzi ngohlobo lwekomityi yokulinganisa kunye nohlobo lweskrubu, izixhobo zokuzalisa ngobuninzi zinesakhiwo esilula, isantya esikhawulezayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunye nexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kuphantsi. Zifanelekile ekuzaliseni izinto ezithambileyo nezincinci ezinezikhongozeli ezinobunzima obuzinzileyo, okanye izinto ezinomthamo obaluleke ngaphezu komgangatho.

 

1. Zalisa indebe yokulinganisa

Ukuzalisa indebe yokulinganisa kukusebenzisa indebe yokulinganisa ubungakanani ukulinganisa izinto nokuzizalisa kwizikhongozeli zokupakisha. Xa kuzaliswa, izinto ziwela ngokukhululekileyo kwindebe yokulinganisa ngobunzima bazo. Isixhobo sokukrwela sikhupha izinto ezigqithisileyo kwindebe yokulinganisa, size emva koko izinto ezikwindebe yokulinganisa zizaliswe kwisikhongozeli sokupakisha phantsi kobunzima bazo. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zezakhiwo zendebe yokulinganisa: uhlobo lwedrama, uhlobo lwe-turntable, kunye nohlobo lwe-intubation. Ifanelekile ukuzalisa izinto ezi-powdery, granular kunye neziqhekekileyo ezineempawu ezilungileyo zokuhamba. Kwizinto ezinobunzima obucacileyo, iikomityi zokulinganisa ezizinzileyo zingasetyenziswa, kwaye kwizixhobo ezinobunzima obucacileyo, iikomityi zokulinganisa ezihlengahlengiswayo zingasetyenziswa. Le ndlela yokuzalisa inechaneko ephantsi yokuzalisa kwaye idla ngokusetyenziselwa amaxabiso aphantsi.

imveliso, kodwa ingazaliswa ngesantya esiphezulu ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

(1)Ukuzaliswa komthamo oqhubekayo wohlobo lwedrum kukwabizwa ngokuba kukuzaliswa komthamo oqhubekayo wohlobo lwepump. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 5-13, kukho imingxunya emininzi yokulinganisa kumphetho wangaphandle wedrum. Idrum ijikeleza ngesantya esithile. Xa ijikwa kwindawo ephezulu, igumbi lokulinganisa Umngxuma uqhagamshelwe nehopper, kwaye izinto zingena kwi-metering cavity ngobunzima bazo. Xa zijikwa kwindawo esezantsi, umngxuma wokulinganisa uqhagamshelwe ne-blanking port, kwaye izinto zingena kwisikhongozeli sokupakisha ngobunzima bazo. Igumbi lokulinganisa lineentlobo ezimbini: uhlobo lomthamo oluzinzileyo kunye nohlobo lomthamo oluhlengahlengiswayo, olufanelekileyo ukuzalisa izinto ezimpuphu ezinobunzima obubonakalayo obuzinzileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni kukho i-blanking port enye kuphela, isantya sokuzalisa sicotha kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kuphantsi.

Uhlobo lokusonga lunxulumene neempawu zemveliso, izinto zokupakisha, iindlela zokutywina, njl. Ngokwendlela yokusebenza yokusonga, inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezintathu: ukusebenza ngesandla, ukusebenza ngoomatshini okuzenzekelayo kunye nokusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo; ngokwemilo yokusonga, inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe kukusonga okugoqekayo kunye nokusonga okujijekileyo.

2. Inkqubo yokusonga

Ukusonga ii-wraps yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu. Inkqubo esisiseko yile: sika ubude obuthile abavelisi bokupakisha i-baklavaizinto ezikwizinto ezisongwayo, okanye ukhuphe icandelo lezinto zokupakisha ezisikiweyo kwangaphambili kwindawo yokugcina izinto, uze uzisongele izinto ezipakishiweyo, uze uzipakishe kwisilinda ngokuzihlanganisa, uze uzigobe zombini iziphelo uze uzivale kakuhle. Ngokwendalo kunye nemo yemveliso, ukuhombisa umphezulu kunye neemfuno zoomatshini, indawo yomthungo kunye nemo kunye necala lokugoba kwesiphelo esivulekileyo kunokutshintshwa.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokusonga ezisongwayo, ezihlulwe ngokwendawo yomthungo kunye nemo yokusonga kunye necala lesiphelo esivulekileyo. Zinokwahlulwa zibe luhlobo lokusonga oluneziphelo ezibini, uhlobo lokusonga oluneziphelo ezibini, uhlobo lokusonga oluneziphelo ezibini, kunye nohlobo oluneziphelo ezibini ezininzi. , uhlobo lwe-bevel, njl.njl.

(1)Uhlobo lokugoba kuzo zombini iziphelo. Le ndlela ifanelekile kwiimveliso zokusonga ezineemilo eziqhelekileyo nezisikwere. Xa upakisha, qala ngokuyisonga ibe ngumthungo osicaba, ngesiqhelo ezantsi, uze ugobe amacala amafutshane kuzo zombini iziphelo ukuze wenze iikona ezinxantathu okanye ezitrapezoidal, uze ekugqibeleni ugobe uze uvale ezi kona ngokulandelelana.

iseti

Inkqubo yokusonga iikona ezisongwayo kuzo zombini iziphelo ilula kwaye ukusebenza ngoomatshini kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa imithungo idla ngokuba ngasemva, ngoko ke ukuqina nokutywinwa kokusonga akukuhle. Ukongeza, imithungo engasemva ichaphazela kancinci ukuthembeka kwepateni yefenitshala. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3-15, ngexesha lokusebenza ngesandla, imithungo ingasongwa kwaye isongwe ukuze ukusonga kube qinile kwaye umphezulu wephakheji ube bushelelezi. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ngoomatshiniabavelisi bokupakisha i-baklavaimisebenzi, ngenxa yemigaqo eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza, ulandelelwano lweekona kunye nolwalathiso lokuhamba kwemveliso zahlukile. Njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso

3-16 zezona ndlela zokugoba zentshukumo yokunyuka nokuhla kunye neye-horizontal.

Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane ngcono neemfuno zokupakisha, zokugcina, zokuthutha kunye nokuthengisa iimveliso, iimfuno ezisisiseko zenkqubo yokusonga zezi: D. Sebenzisa izixhobo zokupakisha ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukwandisa ixesha lokugcina iimpahla.

(2)Ngelixa uqinisekisa imisebenzi esisiseko, zama ukusebenzisa izinto zokupakisha ezilula nezingabizi kakhulu kwaye wenze imveliso ezenzekelayo.

(3)Lungisa kwaye uqonde ulwahlulo lweenxalenye ezahlukeneyo zeeyunithi zokuthengisa kwimarike yeempahla, kwaye ufezekise ukulandelelaniswa kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni kobungakanani, umgangatho kunye nobukhulu.

(4)Yenza ukupakishwa kwemveliso kuhambelane neemfuno zokuthengisa kwiivenkile ezinkulu, vumela abathengi ukuba bazibone ngokucacileyo iimpawu zemveliso, benze kube lula ukuqokelela iimveliso kwiishelufu, kwaye banike ukhuseleko olusebenzayo kwiimveliso.

(5)Phucula uyilo lokupakisha imveliso kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okhuseleko asebenzayo okulwa nobuxoki, ukulwa nobusela kunye namanye amanyathelo okhuseleko

 

Ukusonga ngohlobo lwe-twist kukusonga ubude obuthile bezinto zokupakisha zibe yimo ye-cylindrical, uze ujike inxalenye evulekileyo ibe yi-twist ngokwendlela echaziweyo. Ii-seams ezidibeneyo azidingi ukubotshelelwa okanye ukuvalwa ngobushushu. Ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhululwa nokujija kwe-rebound, izinto zokupakisha ziyimfuneko ukuba zibe namandla athile okukrazula kunye ne-plasticity. Olu hlobo lokusonga lulula kwaye kulula ukuluvula. Kwelinye icala, akukho mfuneko ikhethekileyo yesimo sezinto zokupakisha. I-Spherical, cylindrical, square, ellipsoid kunye nezinye iimilo ziyamkeleka. Ingasetyenziswa ngesandla okanye ngoomatshini, kodwa ukusebenza ngesandla kufuna umsebenzi omninzi kwaye kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokucoceka kokutya. Okwangoku, uninzi lokutya okujijekileyo okufana neelekese kunye ne-ayisikhrim kuye kwenziwa ngoomatshini.

Izinto zokupakisha ezijijekileyo zingaba zezakhiwo ezineleya enye okanye ezininzi. Ukuba kusetyenziswa isakhiwo esineleya ezininzi, izinto zokupakisha ezisetyenziswa kwiileya zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zihlala zahlukile. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokusonga ezijijekileyo, kubandakanya ukujijeka okukodwa, ukujijeka kabini kunye nokugoba. Ngokubanzi, kusetyenziswa indlela yokujijeka kabini. Xa usebenza ngesandla, imiyalelo yokujijeka kuzo zombini iziphelo ichasene; xa usebenzisa imisebenzi yoomatshini, imiyalelo idla ngokufana. Ukujijeka okukodwa akusetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiilekese eziphezulu, iilollipops, iziqhamo kunye neziselo ezinxilisayo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3-27. Uhlobo lokujijeka kabini luboniswe kuMfanekiso 3-28, kwaye lusetyenziswa rhoqo kwiipakethe zelekese eziqhelekileyo.