iibhokisi zokupakisha zemihla

Amazwe amakhulu avelisa kwaye athumela imithi yesundu aquka iYiputa, iSaudi Arabia kunye ne-Iran. I-Iftar. Ngexesha leRamadan, iSaudi Arabia itya iitoni ezingama-250,000, ezilingana nekota yemveliso yonyaka yeetoni ezimalunga nesigidi se-metric. iibhokisi zokupakisha zemihla. 

I-date palm, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-date palm, i-Persian date, i-Iraqi candied date, i-sweet date, i-sea palm, i-jujube, njl.njl., sisityalo sohlobo lwe-Echinacea kusapho lwesundu. Imithi yesundu iyanyamezela imbalela, iyanyamezela i-alkali, iyanyamezela ubushushu kwaye iyawuthanda umswakama. Imithi inokuba neminyaka engamakhulu ubudala. iibhokisi zokupakisha zemihla.

 

Isivuno seziqhamo siphezulu kwaye sisityalo esibalulekileyo esithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamanye amazwe aseNtshona Asia.  Isundu lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiintsomi zama-Arabhu kwaye libonakala ngaphezulu kophawu lwesizwe saseSaudi Arabia. Njengesityalo esingaqhelekanga, likwathandwa kakhulu ngamaGrike, ahlala esebenzisa imilo yamasebe namagqabi alo ukuhombisa ejikeleze itempile. Ukongeza, iidate zinexabiso eliphezulu lesondlo kwaye zikwabizwa ngokuba sisonka sasentlango. Ama-Iraq abiza iidate ngegolide eluhlaza - iibhokisi zokupakisha zemihla.

 

Imithi yesundu i-date palms iye yaziswa e-Australia, eSpain, kwiZiqithi zaseCanary eMntla Afrika, kwiZiqithi zaseMadeira, eCape Verde, eMauritius, eReunion, eAfghanistan, ePakistan (eKhairpur), eIndiya, e-Israel, e-Iran, eTshayina (eFujian, eGuangdong, eGuangxi, eYunnan), eFiji, eNew Caledonia, e-United States (eCalifornia, eNevada, eArizona, eFlorida), ePuerto Rico, emantla eMexico, e-El Salvador, kwiZiqithi zaseCayman nakwiDominican Republic.

 

Kwiminyaka yoo-1960, iTshayina yayingenazo izinto ezifunekayo kwaye yayikhupha imali eninzi kakhulu. Ukuze kulawulwe ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, uChen Yun, ophethe uqoqosho, wasebenzisa ubuninzi beziqhamo nemifuno ebiza kakhulu ukurhoxisa imali, nto leyo eyanciphisa uxinzelelo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ezi ziquka ii-candied dates zase-Iraq ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe, iswekile yaseCuba, kunye neecuba zaseAlbania, eziye zaba ziinkumbulo ezimnandi zesizukulwana kwixesha lokunqongophala. iibhokisi zokupakisha zemihla

 

Ivela kuMbindi Mpuma kwaye ngoku ityalwe kakhulu eGuangdong, eGuangxi, eHainan nakwezinye iindawo kwilizwe lam.

 

Ibizwa ngokuba yi-date palm kuba amagqabi e-date palm abukeka njengeekhokhonathi kwaye isiqhamo sibukeka njengee-jujubes, yiyo loo nto ibizwa njalo. Ikwabizwa ngokuba "yisonka sasentlango". iibhokisi zokupakisha zemihla

 

Umthi wesundu we-date umelana nembalela, umelana ne-alkali, umelana nobushushu kwaye uthanda ukufuma. "Omileyo ngaphezulu kwaye umanzi ngaphantsi" yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokukhula.

 

Ukusasazwa kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo kuvelisa iziphumo zakuqala kwaye kunokugcina iimpawu zesityalo esingumama. Sithanda ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphantsi. Ubushushu bokuhluma kweziqhamo kufuneka bube ngaphezulu kwama-28℃, kwaye isityalo esikhulileyo sinokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi be--10℃. Iimfuno zomhlaba azingqongqo. Kufuneka ibe nkulu, ityebile, ikhuphe amanzi kakuhle kwaye ingathathi cala ukuya kwi-alkaline sandy loam kancinci, kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana netyuwa-alkali. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo wetyuwa yomhlaba awunakudlula i-3%. Ayikwazi ukunyamezela amanzi angamiyo kwaye ayizukukhula kakuhle kumhlaba ombi. Emva kweminyaka eli-10 yokulima okwenziweyo, inokuqhakaza kwaye ivelise iziqhamo. Ifanelekile ukusasazeka ngokuhlwayela okanye ngokwahlulahlula. Izityalo zinokuthwala iziqhamo emva kweminyaka emi-5 emva kokutyala. Imeko yeminyaka emikhulu nemincinci ixhaphakile. Xa kutyalwa, izityalo zesilisa ezingama-2% kufuneka zisetyenziswe njengemithi yokufunxa impova. iibhokisi zokupakisha zemihla

 

Imbewu ihluma lula, ngesantya sokuhluma ngokubanzi esingaphezulu kwama-80%. Isichumiso esisezantsi singafakwa kunye nokufakelwa kwakhona rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3, kwaye isichumiso esincinci esimanzi singafakwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ngexesha lokukhula; singafakwa kwi-greenhouse ukuze sigcinwe ebusika ekupheleni kwekwindla, kwaye ubushushu obuncinci akufuneki bube ngaphantsi kwe-10°C. 

 

Iteknoloji yokulima imithi yesundu yakwaSirayeli ikhethekile kwihlabathi liphela. Iziqhamo zesundu ezikhuliswe entlango zikhuliswa ngeteknoloji yokunkcenkceshela ngamaconsi akhethekileyo.

 

Iimeko zokulima isundu seedethi iibhokisi zokupakisha zemihla

 

I-Date Palm Atlas: I-date palm iyamelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, izikhukula, imbalela, ityuwa kunye ne-alkali, kunye neqabaka (inokumelana nokubanda okukhulu kwe--10°C, ngaphandle kweendawo ezinobusika obubandayo kakhulu eMntla-mpuma weTshayina naseMntla-ntshona weTshayina). Ithanda ilanga kwaye ingakwazi. Isityalo sesundu esikhuliswe kwiindawo ezishushu ukuya kwiindawo ezishushu. Iimfuneko zomhlaba wokulima azingqongqo, kodwa i-organic loam enomhlaba ochumileyo kunye nokufunxwa kwamanzi kakuhle yeyona ilungileyo. Ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye inokungeniswa kuyo yonke indawo. Ikwasisityalo esilungileyo sangaphakathi.

 

Isundu sesundu singakhula kwiindawo ezishushu nezifudumeleyo kwaye sisityalo esiqhelekileyo esiluhlaza kwiindawo ezimanzi zasentlango eNtshona Asia naseMntla Afrika. Isiqu somthi wesundu side kwaye sithe tye, amagqabi adibene kancinci, kwaye amagqabi made kwaye anciphile, afana nalawo omthi wekhokhonathi. Imithi yesundu yesundu i-dioecious, kwaye isiqhamo sibonakala njengeedati, yiyo loo nto igama laso lisithi umthi wesundu wesundu. Isiqu somthi wesundu sesundu side kwaye sithe tye, amagqabi adibene kancinci, kwaye amagqabi made kwaye anciphile, afana nalawo omthi wekhokhonathi. Umthi wesundu wesundu wesundu we-dioecious kwaye isiqhamo sibonakala njengedeti iibhokisi zokupakisha zemihla.

 

Iintyatyambo zesundu ze-date palm zimile okwe-spike kwaye zikhula kwi-axils zamagqabi. Zihlala zikho amawaka e-stamens kwi-spike yentyatyambo. I-stamens zimhlophe, zingumgubo kwaye zivumba elimnandi. Ngaphambili, ukuvundiswa kweentyantyambo zeduna nezesifazana kwakuxhomekeke kuphela ekuvuthweni komoya wendalo okanye izinambuzane eziqokelela i-nectar. Abantu bayayiqonda isayensi kwaye uninzi lwenza ukuvundiswa kokwenziwa. Ngexesha lokudubula kweentyatyambo, kuhlala kubonakala ukuba abanye abantu abaselula babopha iintambo baze banyuke baye phezulu kwemithi ukuze baqokelele i-pollen yeduna kuqala. Emva koko, banyuka umthi omnye wesifazana emva komnye baze basasaze i-pollen. Ngokuvundiswa kokwenziwa, ukuchumisa izityalo zesifazana kuyaqinisekiswa, okunceda ukwandisa isivuno sesundu se-date. Kuthiwa i-pollen yesityalo esinye seduna ingasetyenziswa zizityalo zesifazana ezingamashumi amane okanye amashumi amahlanu. Kwiindawo ezinkulu zokulima, abalimi beziqhamo bahlala benqumla izityalo zesifazana ezingaphezulu ngokwesi silinganiso ukuze amandla amaninzi kunye nezixhobo eziphathekayo zisetyenziswe ukulawula izityalo zesifazana. iibhokisi zokupakisha zemihla.

 

Kudla ngokuthatha iinyanga ezintandathu okanye ezisixhenxe ukuba umthi wesundu utyatyambe kwaye uvelise iziqhamo. Isundu liluhlaza xa liselula, lijika libe tyheli xa likhula, kwaye libe bomvu-mdaka xa livuthiwe. Isundu limile okweqanda, kunye namakhulu okanye amawaka alo aqokelelene kwibhola. Umthi ngamnye ungakhula ukusuka kwiziqu ezihlanu ukuya kwezilishumi, ngasinye sinobunzima obufikelela kwiikhilogram ezisixhenxe okanye ezisibhozo. Ngale ndlela, umthi wesundu kwisigaba sawo sokuchuma unokuvelisa iikhilogram ezingamashumi amathandathu okanye amashumi asixhenxe zeedethi minyaka le. Ngexesha lokuvelisa iziqhamo, abantu baya kubona omnye umbono phezulu kwemithi: iibhola zesundu ezinzima, ezigqunywe kakhulu kwiingxowa zephepha okanye zigqunywe ngeebhasikithi ezilukiweyo ngemicu yemithi. Kuyaqondakala ukuba ukuzisonga kwiingxowa zephepha kukuthintela iziqhamo ezisandula ukukhula ukuba zingabuni ngenxa yokuvezwa lilanga kwaye zibole ngenxa yemvula; ukuzigquma ngeebhasikithi kukuthintela iziqhamo eziza kuvuthwa ukuba zingawi ngenxa yokuba zinzima kakhulu okanye zimnandi kakhulu. Kwaye zahluthwa ziintaka. Iidati eziveliswe kumazwe nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zinemilo eyahlukeneyo, ubukhulu, imibala, kunye nobume, kodwa zonke ziqulathe umxholo ophezulu weswekile. Ngokusekelwe kumava okungcamla, iidate ezivela e-Iraq, eSaudi Arabia, e-Oman nase-Egypt zezona zimnandi kakhulu. Kuthiwa ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sobunzima besiqhamo esomisiweyo yiswekile.

Ixabiso lesondlo lemihlathi:

Iidethi zityebile kwi-polysaccharides zendalo kunye nee-asidi zeziqhamo, ezinokukhuthaza ukukhutshwa kwe-asidi yesisu kunye nejusi yesisu, zincede ekukhawuleziseni ukuhamba kwesisu, kwaye ziluncedo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kokugaya ukutya. Zinokuthintela ukungagayi kakuhle, i-gastritis, iintlungu zesisu, ukudumba kunye nezinye izifo emva kokutya kancinci.

 

Isundu sesundu simnandi kwaye simanzi, singangena kwi-lung meridian, kwaye sinokufumisa imiphunga kwaye sinciphise ukukhwehlela. Lunyango oluncedisayo lokuphefumla okufutshane kunye nokukhwehlela okubangelwa kukungabikho kwe-qi yemiphunga, kwaye lunefuthe lokusombulula i-phlegm kunye nokuphelisa i-asthma ngenxa ye-phlegm emqaleni.

 

I-date palm ikwanefuthe elinamandla le-antioxidant, elinokuthintela ii-free radicals ezonakalisa iiseli emzimbeni, lomeleze umsebenzi wokuhlaziya iiseli, kwaye libazise ukuguga.

Ifayibha yokutya ekwiidati ithambile kakhulu, nto leyo enokuphelisa ukuqhina kwesisu kwaye ikhuphe iityhefu emathunjini. Ezinye izithako eziluncedo kwiidati zinokucoca iintsimbi ezinzima kunye neetyhefu esibindini kwaye zincede ukuguquguquka kwesibindi kubuyele esiqhelweni.

 

Ukucofa ijusi yesundu uze uyisele kunokuqinisa intliziyo kwaye kuphucule imisebenzi yomzimba yamadoda.

 

Ukongeza, iswekile yendalo ekwiidatisi kukutya okufanelekileyo kubantu abazama ukunciphisa umzimba.

 

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ukuze wehlise umzimba, kufuneka ulawule ukutya kwakho. Ngamanye amaxesha uya kuziva ulambile kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, ukutya iidethi ezimbalwa kunokwanelisa isondlo kunye namandla afunekayo emzimbeni. Ngaphezu koko, ezi swekile zendalo aziyi kuba nefuthe elibi ekunciphiseni umzimba, ngokuchaseneyo. Zinokuvuselela amathumbu nesisu kwaye zitye iikhalori ezininzi.

 

Iingxaki malunga nokutya iidethi:

1.Abantu abane-spleen nesisu esibuthathaka kunye nabantu abanesifo sorhudo akufanele batye, kuba ii-date ziyabanda kwaye ukutya kakhulu kuya kubangela isifo sorhudo. Abantwana nabo kufuneka batye kancinci.

 

Ngenxa yokuba isisu nespleen sabantwana zibuthathaka, kwaye iidate ziyanamathela kwaye kunzima ukuzigaya, ukutya kakhulu kuya kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwesisu, kuchaphazele ukugaya kwabantwana, kwaye kunciphise umdla wokutya. Ngaphezu koko, iidate zinomthamo ophezulu weswekile, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba amazinyo aqhekeke.

2.Iidethi kunye neminqathe azinakutyiwa kunye. Iminqathe ityebile kwi-carotene, enefuthe lokucoca isibindi kunye nokuphucula ukubona. Ikwanayo ne-plant cellulose eninzi, enokukhawulezisa ukuhamba kwamathumbu, ikhuphe isisu kwaye incede ekugayweni kokutya.

 

Iiteki nazo zinezibonelelo ezininzi, kodwa ukudibana kwezi zimbini akudali umanyano oluqinileyo, kodwa endaweni yoko kuya kunciphisa ixabiso lesondlo.

 

Kuba iikherothi ziqulathe inani elikhulu lee-enzymes ezibola i-vitamin C, kwaye iidethi zityebile kwi-vitamin C. Ukuba zityiwa kunye, i-vitamin C kwiidethi iya kubola, kwaye ixabiso lesondlo leedethi liya kutshatyalaliswa.

3.Musa ukuyisela xa usebenzisa amayeza okulwa ne-antipyretics. Ngenxa yokuba iidate zineswekile eninzi, ukuba zisetyenziswa kunye namayeza okulwa ne-antipyretics, ziya kwenza ii-complexes ezinganyibilikiyo, nto leyo eya kunciphisa izinga lokuqala lokufunxwa kwamayeza.

4.Izigulana ezichama rhoqo akufuneki ziyithathe. Ngenxa yokuba iidate zinefuthe lokukhupha umchamo, izigulana ezichama rhoqo ziya kuba mandundu imeko yazo emva kokuzitya.

 

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe "date palm" kunye ne "red date"?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe "date palm" kunye ne "red date"

Iidate ezibomvu zimnandi, zimnandi, kwaye zinesondlo. Zingatyiwa njengezidlo, zifakwe emanzini, okanye zenziwe iporridge kunye neerayisi cakes kunye nezinye iidessert. Zezinye zeedate ezithandwa ngabantu abaninzi. Iidate zifana kakhulu needate ezibomvu, kwaye baninzi abantu abathanda ukuzitya, kodwa abazi umahluko phakathi kweedate kunye needate ezibomvu. Abanye abantu bade bacinge ukuba luhlobo olufanayo lweedate, kodwa eneneni zahlukile kakhulu.

1.Umahluko kwiintlobo ngeentlobo. Imihla ebomvu ikwabizwa ngokuba yimihla eyomileyo, ekwintsapho iRhamnaceae kunye ne-genus Jujube, ngelixa imihla ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-date palms kwaye ikwintsapho iPalmaceae kunye ne-genus Jujube. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zahlukile ngokupheleleyo;

2.Umahluko kumbala. Umbala weedate ezibomvu udla ngokuba bomvu okanye ube mdaka, unombala oqaqambileyo, ngelixa umbala weedate udla ngokuba bomvu-mnyama okanye ube nombala wesosi yesoya, unombala omnyama;

3.Umahluko kwinkangeleko. Inkangeleko yeedate ezibomvu idla ngokuba si-cylindrical, kunye nokuxinana kumacala omabini kunye nokudumba okuncinci embindini. Imilo yesundu seedate ifana neyeedate ezibomvu, kunye nesi-cylindrical kunye nokudumba okuncinci embindini, kodwa kunye nesiqu esimhlophe esiphakanyisiweyo kwelinye icala;

4.Umahluko kwincasa. Incasa yeedate ezibomvu ithambile, ithambile kwaye iqinile, inencasa emnandi emlonyeni. Okukhona uhlafuna, kokukhona ivumba elimnandi, ngelixa ubume beedate buqina ngakumbi, bunencasa enamandla emlonyeni, emnandi kwaye imnandi.

 

Yeyiphi emnandi ngakumbi, iidate okanye iired dates?

Ekubeni iidate kunye needate ezibomvu zinobumnandi kunye nokuthungwa okwahlukileyo, asinakutsho ukuba yeyiphi emnandi ngakumbi. Ungakhetha kuphela ngokwendlela othanda ngayo incasa yakho:

 

1.Iidate zifanelekile kwincasa emnandi. Ekubeni umxholo weswekile kwiidate uphezulu kakhulu kunoweedate ezibomvu, iidate zihlala zinencasa emnandi. Ukuba ukhetha incasa emnandi, ke iidate zifanelekile kakhulu kuwe, kodwa nangenxa yomxholo weswekile kwiidate. Ziphezulu, ngoko awukwazi ukutya kakhulu;

 

2.Iidate ezibomvu zifanelekile kuluntu. Iidate ezibomvu zithambile kwaye ziqinile kwaye zinencasa emnandi. Zinencasa emnandi nokuba zityiwe ngqo okanye zifakwe emanzini. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ubumnandi abunamandla kangako, zifanelekile kwiincasa zabantu abaninzi.

 

Ungazitya njani zombini iidate kunye needate ezibomvu?

1.Zininzi iindlela zokutya ii-red dates. Ngenxa yokuba ii-red dates zinobumnandi obufanelekileyo kwaye zityebile kwizakhamzimba, nokuba zityiwa ngqo, zifakwe emanzini, zenziwe isuphu, okanye zenziwe ii-pastries, ii-red dates ziluncedo kakhulu kwaye zinokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo;

 

2.Iidate zilungele ukutyiwa zomile kwaye zenze ipasta. Ngenxa yokuba iidate zinomthamo ophezulu weswekile, zilungele ukwenza iinoodles ukuze zityiwe kunye ukuze kuncitshiswe ubumnandi. Kakade ke, zifanelekile nokutya zomile ukuze zonwabele ubumnandi ezibuzisayo encamini yolwimi. Nangona kunjalo, azifanelekanga ukuntywiliselwa emanzini, ukwenza isuphu, njl. Kuba oku kuya kuyibilisa ngokupheleleyo ubumnandi beedate, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iidate zingabi nabumdaka kwaye zibe nobumnandi bokuqala, kwaye ubumnandi obukhulu beedate bunokubangela ukuba amanzi okanye isuphu ingabi mnandi.

 

Yeyiphi enempilo ngakumbi, iidate okanye iired dates?

Iidate ezibomvu zinempilo ngakumbi kuneedate. Izizathu zezi zilandelayo:

 

1.Iidate ezibomvu zineproteni ephezulu. Ngokwezibalo, i-100 gram nganye yeedate ezibomvu ine-3.2 grams yeproteni, ngelixa i-100 gram nganye yeedate ine-2.2 grams kuphela yeproteni. Iidate ezibomvu zineproteni ephezulu kuneedate;

 

2.Iidethi ezibomvu zizityebi kwiivithamini. Ngokweqikelelo, iidethi ezibomvu zihlala ziqulathe ivithamin A, ivithamin C, ivithamin E kunye ne-carotene kunye nezinye izondlo, ngelixa iidethi zihlala ziqulathe iivithamin B1, B2, B6 kunye nevithamin E kuphela, kwaye umxholo wazo ungaphantsi kuneedethi ezibomvu;

 

3.Iidate ezibomvu zizityebile kwii-trace elements. Ngokweqikelelo, iidate ezibomvu ngokubanzi ziqulathe iiminerali ezili-11 ezifana ne-calcium, i-sodium, i-zinc, i-manganese, kunye ne-iron, kunye nee-trace elements ezahlukeneyo ezifana nothuthu, i-retinol, kunye ne-riboflavin, ngelixa iidate ziqulathe iiminerali ezisi-8 kuphela. , kwaye ezinye izinto azityebanga njengeedate ezibomvu. Ngamafutshane, ukutya iidate ezibomvu kungcono kuneedate.